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Anatomy Exam 3 > Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organs are called

A

gonads

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2
Q

Primary sex organs of female are

A

ovaries

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3
Q

Primary sex organs of male are

A

testes

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4
Q

Female produces ______ oocytes monthly

A

1

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5
Q

Male produces _____ of sperm daily

A

100,000,000s

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6
Q

Sperm are stored and mature in

A

epididymis

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7
Q

If sperm aren’t expelled from the body within a certain period, they are ____

A

resorbed

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8
Q

_____ produce large amounts of sex hormones which affect maturation, development, and changes in the activity of the reproductive system organs.

A

Gonads

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9
Q

Sex hormones in females

A

estrogen and progesterone

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10
Q

Sex hormones in males

A

androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone)

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11
Q

Both males and females have accessory reproductive organs including ______ to carry gametes away from the gonads toward the site of fertilization

A

duct systems

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12
Q

Epididymis, Ductus (vas) deferens, Ejaculatory duct, and Urethra make up the ______

A

efferent duct

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13
Q

The seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands make up the

A

3 accessory glands

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14
Q

_______ are the primary gonads that produce and synthesize sperm and hormones

A

testes

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15
Q

is a fibromuscular cutaneous sac, located between the penis and anus.

A

scrotum

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16
Q

the site of sperm & testosterone production.

A

Testis

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17
Q

functions as a storage reservoir for sperm & site of sperm maturation.

A

Epididymis

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18
Q

a collection of muscle fibers, vessels, nerves and ducts that run to and from the testes.

A

Spermatic cord

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19
Q

What are the 3 paired structures of the scrotum?

A

testis, epididymis, and the spermatic cord

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20
Q

What are the muscle fibers within scrotum?

A

dartos and cremaster

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21
Q

_____ muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle, situated immediately underneath the skin. It acts to help regulate the temperature of the scrotum, by wrinkling the skin –this decreases surface area, reducing heat loss

A

dartos muscle

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22
Q

Originally, the testes are located on the ________

A

posterior abdominal wall

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23
Q

T/F: As the testes descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum, they carry their neurovascular supply with them

A

True

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24
Q

During embryonic development they descend down the abdomen, and through the _______ to reach the scrotum.

A

inguinal canal

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25
Q

Arterial supply to the testes and epididymis is via the paired _____ arteries

A

testicular arteries

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26
Q

Lymphatic drainage to the testes is to the ________ nodes

A

lumbar lymph and preaortic nodes

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27
Q

Network of nerves derived from the renal and aortic plexi that innervate the testis

A

testicular plexus

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28
Q

The ______ is a network of veins, responsible for the venous drainage of the testes, acts as a heat exchanger, cooling the arterial blood before it reaches the testes.

A

pampiniform plexus

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29
Q

As it travels through the inguinal canal, the pampiniform plexus condenses into a

A

single testicular vein

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30
Q

The right testicular vein drains into the

A

inferior vena cava

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31
Q

the left testicular vein drains into the

A

left renal vein

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32
Q

_____ is a comma-shaped structure composed of an internal duct and an external covering of connective tissue. •Internally contains a long, convoluted duct, which is approximately 4 to 5 meters in length

A

epididymis

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33
Q

T/F: Sperm must reside in the epididymis for a period of time to become mature and fully motile (capacitation).

A

True

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34
Q

If sperm are not ejected from the male reproductive system in a timely manner, the old sperm degenerate in the

A

epididymis

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35
Q

When sperm leave the epididymis, they enter the _________ From epididymis to prostate gland; 30cm; Surrounded by smooth muscle (3 layers); Contractions move sperm; Found in spermatic cord

A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

36
Q

Innervation for ductus deferens:

A

T12-L1 sympathetics (least splanchnic nerve).

37
Q

Postganglionic fibers for ductus deferens run _______ testicular artery.

38
Q

Secretions of the seminal vesicles contain:

A

Alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting factors

39
Q

secretions of the ______ have a key role in the normal functioning of semen, making up 70% of its total volume.

A

seminal gland

40
Q

Duct of seminal vesicle joins ductus deferens to form the _____________, which opens into the prostatic urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

41
Q

neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and vagina in order to facilitate the survival of spermatozoa

A

Alkaline fluid

42
Q

provides an energy source for spermatozoa.

43
Q

have a role in suppressing the female immune response to foreign semen.

A

Prostaglandins

44
Q

designed to keep semen in the female reproductive tract post-ejaculation.

A

Clotting factors

45
Q

Enlarged seminal vesicles may be palpated through ______

46
Q

Secretes proteolytic enzymes into the semen, which act to break down clotting factors in the ejaculate. This allows the semen to remain in a fluid state, moving throughout the female reproductive tract for potential fertilization.

47
Q

Positioned inferiorly to the neck of the bladder and superiorly to the external urethral sphincter.

48
Q

The ampulla of the rectum lies ____ to the prostate

49
Q

The arterial supply to the prostate comes from the ____ arteries, which are mainly derived from the _____ arteries.

A

prostatic arteries; internal iliac arteries

50
Q

Venous drainage of the prostate is via the ________, draining into the ______ veins.

A

prostatic venous plexus; internal iliac veins

51
Q

the prostatic venous plexus also connects posteriorly by networks of veins to the _________

A

internal vertebral venous plexus.

52
Q

Located superior to perineal membrane; Embedded within sphincter urethrae muscle; Ducts pierce perineal membrane and open into proximal end of penile urethra; Secrete clear lubricating mucus

A

Bulbourethral glands

53
Q

What are the 3 segments of the urethra?

A

Prostatic, membranous, and Spongy

54
Q

Which segment of the male urethra contains ejaculatory duct opening carrying sperm, seminal fluid, and prostatic secretions

A

prostatic segment

55
Q

Which segment of the male urethra contains the perineal membrane and bulbourethral glands?

A

membranous segment

56
Q

The ____ is located between the bladder and rectum

57
Q

The ovaries are ____ to the uterus

58
Q

Space between rectum and uterus

A

Pouch of Douglas

59
Q

What is the structure called that connects the structures of the female reproductive system together?

A

Broad ligament

60
Q

_____ (hormone) is produced during the first half of the menstrual cycle; stimulates motility if the uterine tube

61
Q

_____ (hormone) is produced during the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle that helps to maintain the uterine lining; inhibits motility in the uterine tube

A

progesterone

62
Q

Paired pelvic organs found within broad ligament that is the source of mature ova; temporary endocrine gland to prepare the uterus for implantation and to maintain the developing embryo; controls development of secondary sex characteristics

63
Q

How many segments are there in the uterine tube?

64
Q

At ovulation, contractions become vigorous and the ligaments of the uterine tube (mesosalpinx) _____ to bring the tube in more contact with the ovary while the ______ contracts rhythmically to sweep over the ovarian surface.

A

contracts; fimbria

65
Q

T/F: Muscular contractions & beating of cilia move ovum/zygote towards uterine cavity

66
Q

What are the 4 parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix

67
Q

The primary blood supply of the uterus is from the ____ artery and the ____ artery

A

uterine; ovarian

68
Q

T/F: Uterus is antiverted and antiflexed (falls over and sits on top of bladder)

69
Q

The uterus is interposed between the ____ and ____

A

urinary bladder and rectum

70
Q

____ wraps around uterine tube; helps it move to get the fimbriae over the ovary

A

mesosalpinx

71
Q

____ attaches to uterus and runs to lateral wall of pelvis

A

mesometrium

72
Q

_____ suspends the ovary

A

mesovarium

73
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament?

A

Mesosalpinx, mesometrium, and mesovarium

74
Q

Layer of uterus that is part of visceral peritoneum

A

perimetrium

75
Q

Layer of uterus that is the bulk of uterus; contains 3 layers of muscle that contract under influence of oxytocin during labor

A

myometrium

76
Q

Layer of uterus that is composed of a highly vascular mucosa

A

endometrium

77
Q

____ is a distensible musculomembranous tube that communicates superiorly with the cervix and inferiorly with the vaginal vestibule; serves as canal for menstrual fluid and forms inferior part of birth canal

78
Q

______ is the threshold for determining the course of visceral pain sensation associated with the inferior peritoneum

A

pelvic pain line

79
Q

Structures above or in contact with the inferior peritoneum convey visceral pain sensation via _____ nerves

A

sympathetic splanchnic nerves

80
Q

Structures below the inferior peritoneum convey visceral pain sensation via _____ nerves

A

parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves

81
Q

_________ is exception to pelvic pain line specific to GI tract

A

midway point of sigmoid colon

82
Q

Produces complete anesthesia of uterus, cervix, vagina, perineum, lower extremities, and inferior ab wall; most common in C-sections

A

Spinal anaesthesia via lumbar puncture

83
Q

Produces anaesthesia of cervix, vagina, and perineurium along with greater effect on uterus; most common in vaginal births

A

Lumbar epidural

84
Q

Produces anaesthesia (S2-S4) of cervix, vagina, and perineurium ; does not affect sensation from structures above pelvic pain line (body and fundus of uterus)

A

Caudal epidural nerve block

85
Q

Local anaesthesia of perineum only

A

Pudendal nerve block

Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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