Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

Primary sex organs are called

Answer 1

gonads

Question 2

Primary sex organs of female are

Answer 2

ovaries

Question 3

Primary sex organs of male are

Answer 3

testes

Question 4

Female produces ______ oocytes monthly

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Male produces _____ of sperm daily

Answer 5

100,000,000s

Question 6

Sperm are stored and mature in

Answer 6

epididymis

Question 7

If sperm aren’t expelled from the body within a certain period, they are ____

Answer 7

resorbed

Question 8

_____ produce large amounts of sex hormones which affect maturation, development, and changes in the activity of the reproductive system organs.

Answer 8

Gonads

Question 9

Sex hormones in females

Answer 9

estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

Sex hormones in males

Answer 10

androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone)

Question 11

Both males and females have accessory reproductive organs including ______ to carry gametes away from the gonads toward the site of fertilization

Answer 11

duct systems

Question 12

Epididymis, Ductus (vas) deferens, Ejaculatory duct, and Urethra make up the ______

Answer 12

efferent duct

Question 13

The seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands make up the

Answer 13

3 accessory glands

Question 14

_______ are the primary gonads that produce and synthesize sperm and hormones

Answer 14

testes

Question 15

is a fibromuscular cutaneous sac, located between the penis and anus.

Answer 15

scrotum

Question 16

the site of sperm & testosterone production.

Answer 16

Testis

Question 17

functions as a storage reservoir for sperm & site of sperm maturation.

Answer 17

Epididymis

Question 18

a collection of muscle fibers, vessels, nerves and ducts that run to and from the testes.

Answer 18

Spermatic cord

Question 19

What are the 3 paired structures of the scrotum?

Answer 19

testis, epididymis, and the spermatic cord

Question 20

What are the muscle fibers within scrotum?

Answer 20

dartos and cremaster

Question 21

_____ muscle is a sheet of smooth muscle, situated immediately underneath the skin. It acts to help regulate the temperature of the scrotum, by wrinkling the skin –this decreases surface area, reducing heat loss

Answer 21

dartos muscle

Question 22

Originally, the testes are located on the ________

Answer 22

posterior abdominal wall

Question 23

T/F: As the testes descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum, they carry their neurovascular supply with them

Answer 23

True

Question 24

During embryonic development they descend down the abdomen, and through the _______ to reach the scrotum.

Answer 24

inguinal canal

Question 25

Arterial supply to the testes and epididymis is via the paired _____ arteries

Answer 25

testicular arteries

Question 26

Lymphatic drainage to the testes is to the ________ nodes

Answer 26

lumbar lymph and preaortic nodes

Question 27

Network of nerves derived from the renal and aortic plexi that innervate the testis

Answer 27

testicular plexus

Question 28

The ______ is a network of veins, responsible for the venous drainage of the testes, acts as a heat exchanger, cooling the arterial blood before it reaches the testes.

Answer 28

pampiniform plexus

Question 29

As it travels through the inguinal canal, the pampiniform plexus condenses into a

Answer 29

single testicular vein

Question 30

The right testicular vein drains into the

Answer 30

inferior vena cava

Question 31

the left testicular vein drains into the

Answer 31

left renal vein

Question 32

_____ is a comma-shaped structure composed of an internal duct and an external covering of connective tissue. •Internally contains a long, convoluted duct, which is approximately 4 to 5 meters in length

Answer 32

epididymis

Question 33

T/F: Sperm must reside in the epididymis for a period of time to become mature and fully motile (capacitation).

Answer 33

True

Question 34

If sperm are not ejected from the male reproductive system in a timely manner, the old sperm degenerate in the

Answer 34

epididymis

Question 35

When sperm leave the epididymis, they enter the _________ From epididymis to prostate gland; 30cm; Surrounded by smooth muscle (3 layers); Contractions move sperm; Found in spermatic cord

Answer 35

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

Question 36

Innervation for ductus deferens:

Answer 36

T12-L1 sympathetics (least splanchnic nerve).

Question 37

Postganglionic fibers for ductus deferens run _______ testicular artery.

Answer 37

around

Question 38

Secretions of the seminal vesicles contain:

Answer 38

Alkaline fluid, fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting factors

Question 39

secretions of the ______ have a key role in the normal functioning of semen, making up 70% of its total volume.

Answer 39

seminal gland

Question 40

Duct of seminal vesicle joins ductus deferens to form the _____________, which opens into the prostatic urethra

Answer 40

ejaculatory duct

Question 41

neutralises the acidity of the male urethra and vagina in order to facilitate the survival of spermatozoa

Answer 41

Alkaline fluid

Question 42

provides an energy source for spermatozoa.

Answer 42

Fructose

Question 43

have a role in suppressing the female immune response to foreign semen.

Answer 43

Prostaglandins

Question 44

designed to keep semen in the female reproductive tract post-ejaculation.

Answer 44

Clotting factors

Question 45

Enlarged seminal vesicles may be palpated through ______

Answer 45

rectum

Question 46

Secretes proteolytic enzymes into the semen, which act to break down clotting factors in the ejaculate. This allows the semen to remain in a fluid state, moving throughout the female reproductive tract for potential fertilization.

Answer 46

Prostate

Question 47

Positioned inferiorly to the neck of the bladder and superiorly to the external urethral sphincter.

Answer 47

Prostate

Question 48

The ampulla of the rectum lies ____ to the prostate

Answer 48

posterior

Question 49

The arterial supply to the prostate comes from the ____ arteries, which are mainly derived from the _____ arteries.

Answer 49

prostatic arteries; internal iliac arteries

Question 50

Venous drainage of the prostate is via the ________, draining into the ______ veins.

Answer 50

prostatic venous plexus; internal iliac veins

Question 51

the prostatic venous plexus also connects posteriorly by networks of veins to the _________

Answer 51

internal vertebral venous plexus.

Question 52

Located superior to perineal membrane; Embedded within sphincter urethrae muscle; Ducts pierce perineal membrane and open into proximal end of penile urethra; Secrete clear lubricating mucus

Answer 52

Bulbourethral glands

Question 53

What are the 3 segments of the urethra?

Answer 53

Prostatic, membranous, and Spongy

Question 54

Which segment of the male urethra contains ejaculatory duct opening carrying sperm, seminal fluid, and prostatic secretions

Answer 54

prostatic segment

Question 55

Which segment of the male urethra contains the perineal membrane and bulbourethral glands?

Answer 55

membranous segment

Question 56

The ____ is located between the bladder and rectum

Answer 56

uterus

Question 57

The ovaries are ____ to the uterus

Answer 57

posterior

Question 58

Space between rectum and uterus

Answer 58

Pouch of Douglas

Question 59

What is the structure called that connects the structures of the female reproductive system together?

Answer 59

Broad ligament

Question 60

_____ (hormone) is produced during the first half of the menstrual cycle; stimulates motility if the uterine tube

Answer 60

estrogen

Question 61

_____ (hormone) is produced during the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle that helps to maintain the uterine lining; inhibits motility in the uterine tube

Answer 61

progesterone

Question 62

Paired pelvic organs found within broad ligament that is the source of mature ova; temporary endocrine gland to prepare the uterus for implantation and to maintain the developing embryo; controls development of secondary sex characteristics

Answer 62

ovaries

Question 63

How many segments are there in the uterine tube?

Answer 63

4

Question 64

At ovulation, contractions become vigorous and the ligaments of the uterine tube (mesosalpinx) _____ to bring the tube in more contact with the ovary while the ______ contracts rhythmically to sweep over the ovarian surface.

Answer 64

contracts; fimbria

Question 65

T/F: Muscular contractions & beating of cilia move ovum/zygote towards uterine cavity

Answer 65

True

Question 66

What are the 4 parts of the uterus?

Answer 66

Fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix

Question 67

The primary blood supply of the uterus is from the ____ artery and the ____ artery

Answer 67

uterine; ovarian

Question 68

T/F: Uterus is antiverted and antiflexed (falls over and sits on top of bladder)

Answer 68

True

Question 69

The uterus is interposed between the ____ and ____

Answer 69

urinary bladder and rectum

Question 70

____ wraps around uterine tube; helps it move to get the fimbriae over the ovary

Answer 70

mesosalpinx

Question 71

____ attaches to uterus and runs to lateral wall of pelvis

Answer 71

mesometrium

Question 72

_____ suspends the ovary

Answer 72

mesovarium

Question 73

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament?

Answer 73

Mesosalpinx, mesometrium, and mesovarium

Question 74

Layer of uterus that is part of visceral peritoneum

Answer 74

perimetrium

Question 75

Layer of uterus that is the bulk of uterus; contains 3 layers of muscle that contract under influence of oxytocin during labor

Answer 75

myometrium

Question 76

Layer of uterus that is composed of a highly vascular mucosa

Answer 76

endometrium

Question 77

____ is a distensible musculomembranous tube that communicates superiorly with the cervix and inferiorly with the vaginal vestibule; serves as canal for menstrual fluid and forms inferior part of birth canal

Answer 77

Vagina

Question 78

______ is the threshold for determining the course of visceral pain sensation associated with the inferior peritoneum

Answer 78

pelvic pain line

Question 79

Structures above or in contact with the inferior peritoneum convey visceral pain sensation via _____ nerves

Answer 79

sympathetic splanchnic nerves

Question 80

Structures below the inferior peritoneum convey visceral pain sensation via _____ nerves

Answer 80

parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 81

_________ is exception to pelvic pain line specific to GI tract

Answer 81

midway point of sigmoid colon

Question 82

Produces complete anesthesia of uterus, cervix, vagina, perineum, lower extremities, and inferior ab wall; most common in C-sections

Answer 82

Spinal anaesthesia via lumbar puncture

Question 83

Produces anaesthesia of cervix, vagina, and perineurium along with greater effect on uterus; most common in vaginal births

Answer 83

Lumbar epidural

Question 84

Produces anaesthesia (S2-S4) of cervix, vagina, and perineurium ; does not affect sensation from structures above pelvic pain line (body and fundus of uterus)

Answer 84

Caudal epidural nerve block

Question 85

Local anaesthesia of perineum only

Answer 85

Pudendal nerve block