Portal Caval System Flashcards
_____ vein in the ligamentum teres, used to carry blood in from the umbilical cord. It is accompanied by tiny paraumbilical veins, which remain patent
The (obliterated) umbilical vein
_____ veins collect blood from the body wall around the unbilicus
paraumbilical veins
Nearly all venous blood from the gut drains to the liver via the _____ vein
portal vein
The ___ vein Drains same structures supplied by the SMA
Superior mesenteric vein
The _____ veins then drain blood from the liver to the IVC
hepatic vv.
T/F: Splenic v. Other foregut vv. have same names as arteries
True
Which foregut vein has a different name as its artery?
Celiac
The ____ vein Drains same structures supplied by the IMA
Inferior mesenteric vein
left and right gastric vv., cystic v.,PD vv., paraumbilical vv. drain to the ____ vein
To the Portal Vein
short gastric vv., left gastroomental v. drain to the ____ vein
To the Splenic Vein
right gastroomental v.,PD vv. drains into ____ vein
To the Superior Mesenteric Vein
Which foregut veins drains into more than one of the main foregut veins?
Pancreaticoduodenal vein
Which veins do the pancreaticoduodenal veins drain into?
Portal vein and superior mesenteric vein
How many major sites of anastomoses are there between the portal and caval venous systems?
4
The tiny veins in these anastomoses can become engorged as a response to _______, where passage of venous blood from the portal vein through the liver is impeded
portal hypertension
engorged vein are called _____; result of portal hypertension
varices
can be caused by cancer, cirrhosis, thrombosis, or congenital malformation of the IVC. Besides varices, it is associated with splenomegaly and ascites
Portal hypertension
Which anastomosis of the portal and caval system is the most important?
Anastomosis of the left gastric vein (branch of portal v.) with the azygos vein (branch of SVC)
Which anastomosis results in esophageal varices?
Anastomosis of the left gastric vein (branch of portal v.) with the azygos vein (branch of SVC)
The resulting ________ are very dangerous, because they can bulge into the lumen of the esophagus and be ruptured when food is swallowed
esophageal varices
Internal bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices is one of the most common causes of death in patients with
portal hypertension
Rectal varices are varices resulting from which anastomosis of portal caval system?
Anastomoses of the superior rectal vein(branch of portal v.)with the middle and inferior rectal veins (branches of IVC)
Bright red bleeding of the stool is characteristic of _____ varices
rectal varices
Which anastomosis is near the umbilicus region and when engorged superficial veins are called caput medusae (Medusa’s head)?
Anastomoses of the paraumbilical veins (branches of portal v.)with the thoracoepigastric v. (branch of SVC) and the inferior and superficial epigastric vv. (branches of IVC)
Which anastomosis is very rare that are typically asymptomatic when engorged?
Anastomoses between the inferior mesenteric vein (branch of the portal v.)and veins of the posterior abdominal wall, which are IVC branches and which are connected to the hemiazygos vein (branch of SVC)
How do visceral pain axons for the thorax and abdomen run?
follow sympathetics back as far as spinal nerve proper
Cell bodies for visceral pain are found in
dorsal root ganglion
Visceral pain pathways pass through the _______ ramus communicans
white
How do Visceral sensory other than pain axons run?
follow parasympathetic
