Portal Caval System

Question 1

_____ vein in the ligamentum teres, used to carry blood in from the umbilical cord. It is accompanied by tiny paraumbilical veins, which remain patent

Answer 1

The (obliterated) umbilical vein

Question 2

_____ veins collect blood from the body wall around the unbilicus

Answer 2

paraumbilical veins

Question 3

Nearly all venous blood from the gut drains to the liver via the _____ vein

Answer 3

portal vein

Question 4

The ___ vein Drains same structures supplied by the SMA

Answer 4

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 5

The _____ veins then drain blood from the liver to the IVC

Answer 5

hepatic vv.

Question 6

T/F: Splenic v. Other foregut vv. have same names as arteries

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which foregut vein has a different name as its artery?

Answer 7

Celiac

Question 8

The ____ vein Drains same structures supplied by the IMA

Answer 8

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 9

left and right gastric vv., cystic v.,PD vv., paraumbilical vv. drain to the ____ vein

Answer 9

To the Portal Vein

Question 10

short gastric vv., left gastroomental v. drain to the ____ vein

Answer 10

To the Splenic Vein

Question 11

right gastroomental v.,PD vv. drains into ____ vein

Answer 11

To the Superior Mesenteric Vein

Question 12

Which foregut veins drains into more than one of the main foregut veins?

Answer 12

Pancreaticoduodenal vein

Question 13

Which veins do the pancreaticoduodenal veins drain into?

Answer 13

Portal vein and superior mesenteric vein

Question 14

How many major sites of anastomoses are there between the portal and caval venous systems?

Answer 14

4

Question 15

The tiny veins in these anastomoses can become engorged as a response to _______, where passage of venous blood from the portal vein through the liver is impeded

Answer 15

portal hypertension

Question 16

engorged vein are called _____; result of portal hypertension

Answer 16

varices

Question 17

can be caused by cancer, cirrhosis, thrombosis, or congenital malformation of the IVC. Besides varices, it is associated with splenomegaly and ascites

Answer 17

Portal hypertension

Question 18

Which anastomosis of the portal and caval system is the most important?

Answer 18

Anastomosis of the left gastric vein (branch of portal v.) with the azygos vein (branch of SVC)

Question 19

Which anastomosis results in esophageal varices?

Answer 19

Anastomosis of the left gastric vein (branch of portal v.) with the azygos vein (branch of SVC)

Question 20

The resulting ________ are very dangerous, because they can bulge into the lumen of the esophagus and be ruptured when food is swallowed

Answer 20

esophageal varices

Question 21

Internal bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices is one of the most common causes of death in patients with

Answer 21

portal hypertension

Question 22

Rectal varices are varices resulting from which anastomosis of portal caval system?

Answer 22

Anastomoses of the superior rectal vein(branch of portal v.)with the middle and inferior rectal veins (branches of IVC)

Question 23

Bright red bleeding of the stool is characteristic of _____ varices

Answer 23

rectal varices

Question 24

Which anastomosis is near the umbilicus region and when engorged superficial veins are called caput medusae (Medusa’s head)?

Answer 24

Anastomoses of the paraumbilical veins (branches of portal v.)with the thoracoepigastric v. (branch of SVC) and the inferior and superficial epigastric vv. (branches of IVC)

Question 25

Which anastomosis is very rare that are typically asymptomatic when engorged?

Answer 25

Anastomoses between the inferior mesenteric vein (branch of the portal v.)and veins of the posterior abdominal wall, which are IVC branches and which are connected to the hemiazygos vein (branch of SVC)

Question 26

How do visceral pain axons for the thorax and abdomen run?

Answer 26

follow sympathetics back as far as spinal nerve proper

Question 27

Cell bodies for visceral pain are found in

Answer 27

dorsal root ganglion

Question 28

Visceral pain pathways pass through the _______ ramus communicans

Answer 28

white

Question 29

How do Visceral sensory other than pain axons run?

Answer 29

follow parasympathetic