Urinary System

Question 1

Functional unit of kidney

Answer 1

Nephron

1 mil/kidney

Question 2

Macrophages of kidney

Answer 2

Mesangial cells

Question 3

Pathway of filtration in a nephron (6)

Answer 3

Afferent BV
Glomerulus
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT 
Collecting duct

Question 4

Lining of renal tubules

Answer 4

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 5

Renal corpuscle is made up of (2)

Answer 5

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerular capillaries

Question 6

Capsule covering the glomerular capillaries

Answer 6

Bowman’s capsule

Question 7

Filtering unit of glomerulus

Answer 7

Podocytes

Question 8

Cluster of capillaries where blood is filtered

Answer 8

Glomerular capillaries (glomerulus)

Question 9

2/3 of filtrate are reabsorbed here

Answer 9

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 10

DCT changes its function depending on the hormone present (3)

Answer 10

Aldosterone
ADH
PTH

Question 11

Collects filtered urine

Drains to the ______

Answer 11

Collecting tubules

Minor calyx

Question 12

Receives filtrates from collecting tubules

Answer 12

Minor calyx

Question 13

Receives filtrates from major calyx

Answer 13

Renal pelvis

Question 14

Brings uterine towards ureter going to the bladder

Answer 14

Renal pelvis

Question 15

Regulates blood volume

Answer 15

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 16

Cell that detects NaCl concentration in DCT

Answer 16

Macula densa cells of DCT

Question 17

Responsible for tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)

Answer 17

Macula densa cells of DCT

Question 18

If high NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____

Answer 18

Constrict

Question 19

If low NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____ and _____ to release renin

Answer 19

Dilate

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 20

Juxtaglomerular cells is found along ____

Answer 20

Afferent arterioles

Question 21

Stimulus for RENIN secretion

Answer 21

Low NaCl cxn in DCT
Low BP
Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR
Sympathetic activation

Question 22

Major Na ion regulator

Answer 22

Aldosterone

Question 23

Glomerular filtration rate

Answer 23

125 ml/min

Question 24

Average daily urine output

Answer 24

1.5-2 L a day

Question 25

Most specific in determining GFR

Answer 25

Creatinine

Question 26

Almost completely reabsorbed in PCT

Answer 26

Glucose | Amino acid

Question 27

Urinary bladder capacity

Answer 27

500 ml

Question 28

Urinary bladder lining

Answer 28

Transitional epithelium

Question 29

Urine pigment

Answer 29

Urobilin

Question 30

Uric acid crystals came from

Answer 30

Purine Adenine Guanine

Question 31

Which is lower right or left kidney

Answer 31

Right bec of liver

Question 32

Vessel that goes to nephron (with blood)

Answer 32

Afferent BV

Question 33

Renal corpuscles aka

Answer 33

Malphigian corpuscle

Question 34

Filtrate basic composition (4)

Answer 34

Water Electrolytes Glucose AA

Question 35

Other term for ADH

Answer 35

Vasopressin

Question 36

Specific BV adjacent to nephron

Answer 36

Vasa recta

Question 37

PCT allow reabsorption of ___ of filtrate

Answer 37

2/3 | Filtrate go back to vasa recta

Question 38

Percentage of glucose and amino acid from PCT goes back to blood

Answer 38

99%

Question 39

*Has counter current mechanism of nephron

Answer 39

Loop of henle

Question 40

Part of loop of Henle where wall is very permeable to water and comes out due to _____

Answer 40

Thin descending segment of loop of Henle | High osmotic pressure of medulla

Question 41

What do you call when filtrate becomes concentrated due to high osmotic pressure of medulla

Answer 41

``` Concentrated segments (Decending loop of Henle) Since nawawala yung water ```

Question 42

Reason for medulla to be hypersoluble

Answer 42

Bec of ION PUMPS that pump out solutes

Question 43

Part of loop of Henle where wall is not permeable to water | And has _____ that pumps out Na, K, Cl and go towards medulla

Answer 43

Thick Ascending Segment of Loop of Henle | Ion pumps

Question 44

Filtrate in ascending segment becomes ____

Answer 44

Diluted | Diluting segment

Question 45

*how many segments for kidney

Answer 45

5

Question 46

H20 reabsorption

Answer 46

ADH

Question 47

Na reabsorption

Answer 47

Aldosterone

Question 48

Ca reabsorption

Answer 48

PTH

Question 49

Influences blood pressure and solutes

Answer 49

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 50

2 cells present in juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 50

Macula densa cells of DCT | Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 51

DCT and glomerulus feedback

Answer 51

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 52

High cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to _____ | High NaCl - Low blood vol- low urine output - low GFR

Answer 52

Constrict

Question 53

Low cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to ____ low NaCl - highblood vol- high urine output - highGFR (more water, more wiwi) Also signals Juxtaglomerular cells to release ____

Answer 53

Dilate | Renin

Question 54

Secretes renin

Answer 54

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 55

* stimulus for RENIN secretion

Answer 55

Low NaCl cxn in DCT Low BP Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR Sympathetic activation

Question 56

*location of baroreceptors

Answer 56

Carotid sinus | Aortic sinus

Question 57

Detects BP

Answer 57

Baroreceptors

Question 58

Na ion regulator and BP regulator

Answer 58

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Question 59

Major Na ion reguulator

Answer 59

Aldosterone

Question 60

Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II by

Answer 60

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from lungs

Question 61

Angiotensin II causes ____ of arterioles and stimulate secretion of _______ in adrenal cortex

Answer 61

Vasoconstriction | Aldosterone

Question 62

*renal threshold for Glucosuria

Answer 62

160-180 mg/dl - common to diabetic px

Question 63

Why is urinary bladder transitional in epithelium?

Answer 63

Relax or empty - cuboidal | Full or stretch - squamous

Question 64

Determines GFR aside from creatine (2)

Answer 64

BUN -blood urea nitrogen | Inulin