Urinary System Flashcards
Function of Urinary System
Conserve body fluid and electrolytes and remove waste
Components of Urinary System (4)
Kidney - produce urine as a filtrate of blood
Ureter - connect kidney to bladder
Bladder - urine storage
Urethra- deliver urine to outside body
Renal Corpuscle
Contain glomerulas surrounded by bowmans capsule
Nephron
Structural and functional unit of kidney
has renal corpuscle series of tubular sections collecting tubules
Ultrafiltrate
filtered stuff before modification
Filtrate
substance during modification in the system
urine
filtered substance of the kidney after modification
Hilum of the Kidney
Concave media lindentation where the nerves and vessels enter and exit
Ureter
Expands at hilum forming renal pelvis
Cortex of Kidney and Medulla (which is outside and inside)
Outer cortex and inner medulla
Medullary Pyramids
6-18 in medulla. These cups filter to the minor calyx
Path of the filter to the urethra
Goes from minor calyx to the major calyx and then renal pelvis and then to the ureter
Minor Calyx
surrounds the entire medullary pyrimids, collecting ducts empty in to this
What is the epithelium type
Transitional epithleium starts and runs to the ureter from the minor calyx
Renal Papilla
Apex top of pyramid
Cortical (Renal) Columns
Portions seperating neighboring pyramids
Cortical Arch
Cortex base at each pyramid
Renal Lobe
Each pyramid and its arch and sides divedes colum in half and divided into lobes
medullary rays
contain collecting ducts extending cortex in to medulla
it shows up as the striped banding pattern
it represents the collecting ducts
it is in the pyramids
Pic Identification Tips for Cortex
The site of a renal corpuscles means you are in the cortex and she loves this
Pic ID tip for Medulla
See al ittle darker stain with no renal corpuscle
Blood Supply path for the kidney
Note it goes from the inside to the outside then flows back in
Start with renal artery branch to form segmental arteries give rise to
branched interlober arteries, (between pyramids) these give rise to
arcuate arteries (runs along the arch) these run to
interlober arteries which give rise to
afferent arterioles this goes thorugh the
glomerulus and empties to
efferent arteriole
the efferent arteriole gives rise to either
1) peritubular capillary plexus
2) vasa recta
The peritbular capillary plexus
PTCP a capillary bed supplying the cortex with blood
The vasa recta
Capillary bed following henles loop in the medulla both cortex and medulla have diff capillary beds
Portal System between capillary beds
Links cap bed to cap bed by arteriole
glomerulus
Is a part of the renal corpuscle is a bunch of capillaries
Bowmens capsule
part of the renal corpuscle, is the surrounding of the glomerulus
The layers of Bowmans Capsule
Visceral layer - epithelial are podocytes and this is on the glomerulus
Pariatel Layer - epithelial are squamus and this is the outer area
Urinary Space - is the container for the ultrafiltrate
Where does blood flow from bowmans capsule
Travels out the urinary pole (the ultrafiltrate. Enters by the vascular pole
The glomerulus Filtration barrier
Capillaries are fenestrated for going
then the renal corpuscle podocytes will cover most of the capillary.
These create slits when they interdigitate.
The filtration barrier layers
Pores of fenestrated endothelium
Thick basement membrane fused together of two
Filtration slits of podocytes
This creates the ultrafiltrate
Proximal Tubule Two Portions
Convuluted (proximal convuluted tubule)-
Stragith portion - (Pars Recta) -
Structure and function of the proximal tubule
Structure - simple cuboidal with microvilli brush border
Funciton - absorb nutrients ions water and release into intersitial
Thick Descending Limb
From the proximal tubule it enters the medulla
Becomes simple squamous - is the thing region descening
the loops then become the thin adcending limb
Thing Ascending limb- Thick ascening limb
once the descending limb loops around it stays thin and then becomes thick
This thick though does not have a brush border
Loop of Henle
Is this thing that reaches the medulla and has the thick and the thin parts
Distal convuluted Tubule
Once enters the cortex the thick ascending it has cuboidal and microvilli (less microbilli)
becomes cuboidal again
no bursh border because less microvilli
JGA (function)
is a special structure of the distal convuluted tubule.
what are the three JGA components
MAcula densa - dark spot, columnar cells right next to vascular pole of the Glomerulus
Juxta Glomerulus cells - modified smooth muscle in tunica media of afferant and efferent arterioles. the granules are contain renin
Mesangial Cells - adjust to environment and between the afferent and efferent arterioles
Remember that the JGA buts up against the glomerulus
Collecting tubules and ducts
DCT becomes collecting ducts modify filtrate toward minor calyces tip of duct is renal papilla then we have tall columnar cells It starts off as simple cubiodal and gets taller
The two types of cells in the collecting tubule
Light cells - principle
Dark cells- have mitochondria to pump acid base stuff
Ureter (Layers with types)
urine from kindey to bladder
Mucosa - we see transitional epithelium. Then we see lamina propria
Then we see muscularis mucosa smooth musscle to contract
There is a valve at the bottom
Urinary Bladder (the Layers also)
Storage part transitional become flat when distendeted
Have 3 muscular layers
have an adventitia and serosa - connnective tissue with elastic fibers
Urethra
diff for male and female. Males is 3 segments and through prostate
