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Anatomy Module II > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Urinary System

A

Conserve body fluid and electrolytes and remove waste

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2
Q

Components of Urinary System (4)

A

Kidney - produce urine as a filtrate of blood
Ureter - connect kidney to bladder
Bladder - urine storage
Urethra- deliver urine to outside body

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3
Q

Renal Corpuscle

A

Contain glomerulas surrounded by bowmans capsule

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4
Q

Nephron

A

Structural and functional unit of kidney

has renal corpuscle series of tubular sections collecting tubules

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5
Q

Ultrafiltrate

A

filtered stuff before modification

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6
Q

Filtrate

A

substance during modification in the system

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7
Q

urine

A

filtered substance of the kidney after modification

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8
Q

Hilum of the Kidney

A

Concave media lindentation where the nerves and vessels enter and exit

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9
Q

Ureter

A

Expands at hilum forming renal pelvis

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10
Q

Cortex of Kidney and Medulla (which is outside and inside)

A

Outer cortex and inner medulla

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11
Q

Medullary Pyramids

A

6-18 in medulla. These cups filter to the minor calyx

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12
Q

Path of the filter to the urethra

A

Goes from minor calyx to the major calyx and then renal pelvis and then to the ureter

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13
Q

Minor Calyx

A

surrounds the entire medullary pyrimids, collecting ducts empty in to this

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14
Q

What is the epithelium type

A

Transitional epithleium starts and runs to the ureter from the minor calyx

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15
Q

Renal Papilla

A

Apex top of pyramid

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16
Q

Cortical (Renal) Columns

A

Portions seperating neighboring pyramids

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17
Q

Cortical Arch

A

Cortex base at each pyramid

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18
Q

Renal Lobe

A

Each pyramid and its arch and sides divedes colum in half and divided into lobes

19
Q

medullary rays

A

contain collecting ducts extending cortex in to medulla
it shows up as the striped banding pattern
it represents the collecting ducts
it is in the pyramids

20
Q

Pic Identification Tips for Cortex

A

The site of a renal corpuscles means you are in the cortex and she loves this

21
Q

Pic ID tip for Medulla

A

See al ittle darker stain with no renal corpuscle

22
Q

Blood Supply path for the kidney

A

Note it goes from the inside to the outside then flows back in
Start with renal artery branch to form segmental arteries give rise to
branched interlober arteries, (between pyramids) these give rise to
arcuate arteries (runs along the arch) these run to
interlober arteries which give rise to
afferent arterioles this goes thorugh the
glomerulus and empties to
efferent arteriole
the efferent arteriole gives rise to either
1) peritubular capillary plexus
2) vasa recta

23
Q

The peritbular capillary plexus

A

PTCP a capillary bed supplying the cortex with blood

24
Q

The vasa recta

A

Capillary bed following henles loop in the medulla both cortex and medulla have diff capillary beds

25
Q

Portal System between capillary beds

A

Links cap bed to cap bed by arteriole

26
Q

glomerulus

A

Is a part of the renal corpuscle is a bunch of capillaries

27
Q

Bowmens capsule

A

part of the renal corpuscle, is the surrounding of the glomerulus

28
Q

The layers of Bowmans Capsule

A

Visceral layer - epithelial are podocytes and this is on the glomerulus
Pariatel Layer - epithelial are squamus and this is the outer area
Urinary Space - is the container for the ultrafiltrate

29
Q

Where does blood flow from bowmans capsule

A

Travels out the urinary pole (the ultrafiltrate. Enters by the vascular pole

30
Q

The glomerulus Filtration barrier

A

Capillaries are fenestrated for going
then the renal corpuscle podocytes will cover most of the capillary.
These create slits when they interdigitate.

31
Q

The filtration barrier layers

A

Pores of fenestrated endothelium
Thick basement membrane fused together of two
Filtration slits of podocytes
This creates the ultrafiltrate

32
Q

Proximal Tubule Two Portions

A

Convuluted (proximal convuluted tubule)-

Stragith portion - (Pars Recta) -

33
Q

Structure and function of the proximal tubule

A

Structure - simple cuboidal with microvilli brush border

Funciton - absorb nutrients ions water and release into intersitial

34
Q

Thick Descending Limb

A

From the proximal tubule it enters the medulla
Becomes simple squamous - is the thing region descening
the loops then become the thin adcending limb

35
Q

Thing Ascending limb- Thick ascening limb

A

once the descending limb loops around it stays thin and then becomes thick
This thick though does not have a brush border

36
Q

Loop of Henle

A

Is this thing that reaches the medulla and has the thick and the thin parts

37
Q

Distal convuluted Tubule

A

Once enters the cortex the thick ascending it has cuboidal and microvilli (less microbilli)
becomes cuboidal again
no bursh border because less microvilli

38
Q

JGA (function)

A

is a special structure of the distal convuluted tubule.

39
Q

what are the three JGA components

A

MAcula densa - dark spot, columnar cells right next to vascular pole of the Glomerulus
Juxta Glomerulus cells - modified smooth muscle in tunica media of afferant and efferent arterioles. the granules are contain renin
Mesangial Cells - adjust to environment and between the afferent and efferent arterioles

Remember that the JGA buts up against the glomerulus

40
Q

Collecting tubules and ducts

A 
DCT becomes collecting ducts
modify filtrate toward minor calyces 
tip of duct is renal papilla 
then we have tall columnar cells
It starts off as simple cubiodal and gets taller
41
Q

The two types of cells in the collecting tubule

A

Light cells - principle

Dark cells- have mitochondria to pump acid base stuff

42
Q

Ureter (Layers with types)

A

urine from kindey to bladder
Mucosa - we see transitional epithelium. Then we see lamina propria
Then we see muscularis mucosa smooth musscle to contract
There is a valve at the bottom

43
Q

Urinary Bladder (the Layers also)

A

Storage part transitional become flat when distendeted
Have 3 muscular layers
have an adventitia and serosa - connnective tissue with elastic fibers

44
Q

Urethra

A

diff for male and female. Males is 3 segments and through prostate

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

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