Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Module II > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx (Function)

A

Carry food and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharynx (Composition)

A

Mostly Stratified squamous non keratinized. The resp area is pseudostratified rep epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

three areas of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx - behind nasal cavity
orpharynx - behind the oral cavity
Layrngopharynx - behind larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Canal General Organization

A

Mucosa - Lining Epithelium, lamina propria, muscluaris mucosase
Submucosa - Dense irregular usually has meisners plexus
Muscluaris Externa - inner circular and outer longitudinal with auerbachs plexus in between
Serosa or adventitia - seroa has underlying connective tissue and mesothelium
adventitia just connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Esophagus ( special chracteristics of Layers)

A

Lining - stratifies squamous nonkeratinized
Lamina propria - see MALT, lymph nodules
also see esophageal cardiac glands distal in esophagus
musclaris mucosae not present in oral cavity
Submucosa - has manty elastic fibers and has esophageal glands proper
Muscularis externa slowly swtiches from skeltal to smooth (from upper 1/3 to lower
Thoracic - has adventitia
ABdmonial - serosa covers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Esophogeal Cardiac Gands

A

Distal in esophagus in order to protect from fluids in reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Esophageal Galnds proper

A

in the submucosa layer and they function to lube wall faciliateate food and keep moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gastro esophogeal Junction

A

Abrupt change in epithelium from sratified squamous non keratinizedd to simple squamou to columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastroesophogeal sphincter

A

physiologic sphincter that has increase in tone in the inner circular layer of mucslaris externa
not an increase in bulk so it not as effective as an anatomical sphincter and stuff can back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stomach gross anatomy sections

A

Cardia - adjacent to espohagus near heart
Fundus - extend above where esophagus enters
Body - large main section
PYlorus is where stomach tapers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 histological regions

A

the body and fundus become the gastric section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Rugae

A

transient folds in tstomach to increase surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Layers of the stomach

A

lining epithelium - has simple columnar epithelium
lamina propria - surrounds gastric pits, MALT and lymph nodules
Muscularis Mucosa - normal for outflow
Submucosa - contains blood vessels. may see GALT
Muscluaris externa - has three layers with inner oblique middle circular and outer longtidudinal
Serosa - is covers entire stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gastric Pits

A

branching 3-7 projections in glands. They extend thorugh the lamina propria to the level of the muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parts of the gastric pits

A

isthmus - the narrow passage where glands connect glands
Neck 0 the the branch point of pits
Base- the main tube of the gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

6 Cell types of simple columnar lining epithelium

A 
Surface Mucous 
Mucous Neck
Stem Cells 
Enteroendocrine Cells 
Pariatel Cells 
Chief Cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Surface Mucous Cells of Stomach

A

in luminal surface and gastric pits, have apical mucigen granules and basal nucleus
Function is to release mucin which mixes with water to form buffer blanket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucous Neck Cell of Stomach

A

located in isthmus and neck of pitws in teh cardiac pyloric and gastric section of stomach
apical mucigen and basal nuclues. The funciton is same as surface mucous but its a different secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stem Cells of Stomach

A

location is in all parts of stomach

columnar, release reneweal of all stomach epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enteroendocrine cells of stomach

A

at the base of pits in all cells
basally located secretory granules
function is to release hormones to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parietal Cells of stomach

A

location thorughout gastric pits and few in cardiac pits
large triangular shape with intracellular canaliculi and microvilli for surface area for pumps
very eosionpihillic because mitochondria
function is to pump h and cl seperately to make HCL

22
Q

cheif cells of stomach

A

location - base of gastric pits
structure - basophilic because of rough er
release apical granules of pepsinogen which convertes for digestion
also secrete gastric lipase

23
Q

what cells are in the what sections of the stomach

A

gastric (fundus and body) - has them all
cardiac - has all but chief and only some parieatal
Pyloric - has not parieetal or chief

24
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

between stomach and duadenum formed by thickening of muddle circular layer of muscluars externa. isssss a thickening not tone so anatomical sphincter

25
Q

Small Intestine regiosn

A

duadenum jejunum and ileum

26
Q

3 absorption featres of small intesting

A

villi - evaginations of mucosa along the circulares. lined with simple columnar with a lamina propria core wtih blood vessels
plicae circulares - series of perminant cicular folds of mucosa snd submucosa
Microvilli - located at apical aspect of enterocytes for increase contact

27
Q

LAyers of the small intestine

A

Lining Epithelium - 6 cell types all simple columnar have villi
lamina propria - core of each villis surround crypts, contain fenestrated capillaries lactea smooth mucsle MALT and nodueles
Muscularis mucosa - move villi
Submucossa - has lymph vessels (See differences in each section)
Musculares Externa - normal
Serosa - covers majority
Adventitia - where duadenum is in contact with abdominal wall

28
Q

Lieberkuhn

A

intestinal glands or crypts

29
Q

what are the six cell types in lining epithelium of small intestine

A 
enterocytes, 
goblet cells
enteroendocrine 
paneth cells 
M Cells 
Stem Cells
30
Q

Enterocytes of SI

A

absorption. line luminal surface of villi, mirgrate from crypt and mature
Have mircrovvili covered in glycocalyx
absorption - transprot nutrients to the circulation.
Secrete glycoprotein alaso for digesion
aslo secrete water for maintain chyme
KNOW THE SECRETORY ROLE

31
Q

Goblet Cell of SI

A 
location - ling lumen of villi and crypts among the enterocytes increase as go from duadenum 
Structure - goblet shape with apical accumulation of mucigen granules
function - secrete granules mucin apical to combine with water to form mucous product to lube and protect
32
Q

enteroendocrine of SI

A

scatters al over.
Basal secretory granules
release hormones to blood

33
Q

Paneth Cells of SI

A

base of crypt only in small intesting
apical eosinophilic granules,
Function - have lysozyme to digest cell wall of bacteria

34
Q

M Cells of SI

A

over large lymph nodules
Structure - apical microfolds, and basal intracellular pockets
immune cells migrate here thorugh discontinous basement membrane
Function - endocytose and transport antigens to immune cells in pocket

35
Q

Stem cells of SI

A

location base of crypts, replace all epithelial cells

36
Q

Submucosa differences in histology of SI

A

Duadenum - has additional mucous glands called brunner glands - neutralize acidic chyme
Jejunum- no unique
Ileum -has large peyers patches nodules from submucosa to lamina propria
know these

37
Q

Ileocecal Valve

A

Thick extension of inner circular layer at junction of ileum and cecum

38
Q

Transition to large intesting histology

A

abrupt transition from villi to no villi

39
Q

Appendix

A

extends from cecum, four layers (mucosa submucosa, musclaris externa and serosa)
Increase in lymph nodes and no absorbtive function

40
Q

Layers of cecum and colon

A

mucosa
lining epithelium - simple columnar no villi see tubular glands, five cell types
lamina propria - abundant immune cells many capillaries, no lymph vessels like SI ***** slow metastisis
muscularis muscous - helps mucus
submucosa - with blood and lymph vessels
lymph tissue extendinf from lamina propria in to tsubmucosa
muscularis externa - has inner circular layer and then 3 spaces muscluar bands called teniae coli
serosa - covers intraperiotneal portions
adventitia - located where intestine is in contact with ab wall

41
Q

lieberkuhn in large intestine

A

into the lamina propria these are tubes again in the cecum and colon

42
Q

Five cell Types In LI

A 
absorbtive
goblet
enteroendocrine 
stem cells
m cells
43
Q

absorbtive cells in LI

A

in luminal surface, aka colonocytes, short microvilli and absorb water and na

44
Q

goblet cells of LI

A

luminal surface and glands cyrpts
goblet shaped
release mucos to lube and protect

45
Q

enteroendocrine of LI

A

in cyrpts, basal secretion of hormone to bloof

46
Q

Stem cells of LI

A

replace all cells

47
Q

M Cells of LI

A

located over the lymph noted have the basal pockets and the microfolds on apical
Transport antigents in to nodes

48
Q

teniae coli

A

3 equally spaces muscluar bands helping movement in the muscularis externa

49
Q

Rectum

A

dilated distal portion of large intestine
deeper crypts with more goblet cells
no teniae coli
adventitia only

50
Q

Anal Canal

A

Simple columnar - stratified cuboidal to stratifeid squamus non keratinized - becomes keratinized at anus
all adventitia

51
Q

Internal and external anal sphincter

A

internal - thickening of the inner circular layer

external - skeletal muscle

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions