Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas

Question 1

Lobes of the liver

Answer 1

two primary ones, then there is the ones on the back the caudate and quadrate

Question 2

Glissons Cavity

Answer 2

the capsule covering of the liver

Question 3

Hepatocytes

Answer 3

polygonal with 6 surfaces 
two basal surface face sinusoids, contain microvilli 
4 surfaces hold cubes together by tight junctions 
seal off spaces called bile canaliculi 
granular and smooth ER abundant 
have so many golgi for bile packaging 
so many mitochondir 
and peroxisomes and lysosoomes

Question 4

sinusoids

Answer 4

blood flows through for endocrine secretions

they are lined by endothelial cells and are fenestrated and discontinuous

Question 5

Space of Disse

Answer 5

space between endothelial and hepatocytes that microvilli extend in to to touch the blood

Question 6

bile canaliculi

Answer 6

regions adjacent to hepatocytes gap for bile no lining cells

Question 7

biliaray tree

Answer 7

system that increases in diameter
bile canaliculi - small canal
bile ductiles - canals of hering - first site of cholangiocytes - cuboidal epithelium carry to portal triad
bile ducts - cuboidal to columnar

Question 8

cholangiocytes

Answer 8

first seen in the bile ductiles with cuboidal epithelium

Question 9

hepatic stellate cell

Answer 9

aka ito cell or fat storing cell
found in perisinusoidal space
store vitamin A

Question 10

fibrosis and cirrhoses

Answer 10

pathological differentiate to myofibroblast deposit collegen Type I and III so liver fills with collagen and blocks circulation

Question 11

Kupffer Cells

Answer 11

resident macrophage of liver derived from monocytes located in sinusoids

Question 12

hepatic circulation (3)

Answer 12

portal vein - main channel collects poorly oxygenated very nutrient rich blood fro mGI
Hepatic Vein - goes to heart
Hepatic Artery - supplies blood to parenchyma - this will mix with with portal vein an dtravel toward central vein

Question 13

portal Triad components

Answer 13

not actually a triad anymore and called portal canals
protal vein hepatic artery bile ducts and lpmyh vessels
note that bile moves toward the triad and blood moves away

Question 14

The three organizations of liver

Answer 14

A) classic, liver lobule hexagon with each corner a porgal canal, center is central vein. shows path of blood
B) Portal, function follows bile movement. shows triangle shape
C) liver acinus, shows blood perfusion oxygen level also includes
the blood lines form edges of hexagon. Nearest the edge is the most oxygen and most toxins!

Question 15

The five funcitons of liver

Answer 15

secretion of bile- into canaliculi, function to emulsify fat in duadenum
excretion of waste - bile also used to carry waste, bilirubin - waste from RBC hemoglobin
Secretion of blood substance
detox - smooth er can metabolize toxins like alcohol
Immune Response - by kupffer cells to phagocytose problems

Question 16

Bile path

Answer 16

thorught he life then it is resobed in the GI and 90% is recycled in to the liber, because it just naturally goes in to the hepatic portal vein again

Question 17

neonatal jaundice

Answer 17

before liver matures they appear yellow because of bilirubin

Question 18

what blood substances are secreted by liver

Answer 18

glucose, plasma proteins like albumin clotting proteins, compleemtn cascade proteins, lipoproteins and non esential aminoa cids

Question 19

enterohepatic circulation

Answer 19

if a drug is recycled with bile it will cycle and cycle increasing its bioavaliability with more durgs. so it could cause overdose

Question 20

first pass effect

Answer 20

if SER degrades drug it wont go to circulation , and so decrease bioavaliablitly
grapefruit can decrease this affect and cause and overdose

Question 21

Gall Bladder

Answer 21

bile drains but bile backs up through cystic duct to fill gall bladder because the oddi sphincters are closed

Question 22

what opens the oddi sphincters

Answer 22

CCK hormone when fatty acids are present this is released and bile is released to emuslify

Question 23

structure of gall bladder

Answer 23

simple columnar epithelium to absorb water and icnrease concentration of bile.
lamina propria havve lymp tissue
no muscularis mucosa
oblique bundles of smooth muscle in musclaris externa layer

Question 24

pancreas

Answer 24

endocrine and exocrine secreiotn go in to duadenum

the zymogens are released as proenzymes

Question 25

Ducts in teh pancreas

Answer 25

zymogen granules in apical of cell. duct begins with centroacinar cells -> enzyme component secreted by acinar cells then aquaoue componeent seceted by the duct