Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas Flashcards
Lobes of the liver
two primary ones, then there is the ones on the back the caudate and quadrate
Glissons Cavity
the capsule covering of the liver
Hepatocytes
polygonal with 6 surfaces two basal surface face sinusoids, contain microvilli 4 surfaces hold cubes together by tight junctions seal off spaces called bile canaliculi granular and smooth ER abundant have so many golgi for bile packaging so many mitochondir and peroxisomes and lysosoomes
sinusoids
blood flows through for endocrine secretions
they are lined by endothelial cells and are fenestrated and discontinuous
Space of Disse
space between endothelial and hepatocytes that microvilli extend in to to touch the blood
bile canaliculi
regions adjacent to hepatocytes gap for bile no lining cells
biliaray tree
system that increases in diameter
bile canaliculi - small canal
bile ductiles - canals of hering - first site of cholangiocytes - cuboidal epithelium carry to portal triad
bile ducts - cuboidal to columnar
cholangiocytes
first seen in the bile ductiles with cuboidal epithelium
hepatic stellate cell
aka ito cell or fat storing cell
found in perisinusoidal space
store vitamin A
fibrosis and cirrhoses
pathological differentiate to myofibroblast deposit collegen Type I and III so liver fills with collagen and blocks circulation
Kupffer Cells
resident macrophage of liver derived from monocytes located in sinusoids
hepatic circulation (3)
portal vein - main channel collects poorly oxygenated very nutrient rich blood fro mGI
Hepatic Vein - goes to heart
Hepatic Artery - supplies blood to parenchyma - this will mix with with portal vein an dtravel toward central vein
portal Triad components
not actually a triad anymore and called portal canals
protal vein hepatic artery bile ducts and lpmyh vessels
note that bile moves toward the triad and blood moves away
The three organizations of liver
A) classic, liver lobule hexagon with each corner a porgal canal, center is central vein. shows path of blood
B) Portal, function follows bile movement. shows triangle shape
C) liver acinus, shows blood perfusion oxygen level also includes
the blood lines form edges of hexagon. Nearest the edge is the most oxygen and most toxins!
The five funcitons of liver
secretion of bile- into canaliculi, function to emulsify fat in duadenum
excretion of waste - bile also used to carry waste, bilirubin - waste from RBC hemoglobin
Secretion of blood substance
detox - smooth er can metabolize toxins like alcohol
Immune Response - by kupffer cells to phagocytose problems
Bile path
thorught he life then it is resobed in the GI and 90% is recycled in to the liber, because it just naturally goes in to the hepatic portal vein again
neonatal jaundice
before liver matures they appear yellow because of bilirubin
what blood substances are secreted by liver
glucose, plasma proteins like albumin clotting proteins, compleemtn cascade proteins, lipoproteins and non esential aminoa cids
enterohepatic circulation
if a drug is recycled with bile it will cycle and cycle increasing its bioavaliability with more durgs. so it could cause overdose
first pass effect
if SER degrades drug it wont go to circulation , and so decrease bioavaliablitly
grapefruit can decrease this affect and cause and overdose
Gall Bladder
bile drains but bile backs up through cystic duct to fill gall bladder because the oddi sphincters are closed
what opens the oddi sphincters
CCK hormone when fatty acids are present this is released and bile is released to emuslify
structure of gall bladder
simple columnar epithelium to absorb water and icnrease concentration of bile.
lamina propria havve lymp tissue
no muscularis mucosa
oblique bundles of smooth muscle in musclaris externa layer
pancreas
endocrine and exocrine secreiotn go in to duadenum
the zymogens are released as proenzymes
Ducts in teh pancreas
zymogen granules in apical of cell. duct begins with centroacinar cells -> enzyme component secreted by acinar cells then aquaoue componeent seceted by the duct
