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Anatomy Module II > Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Hilum of lung

A

Medium indentation in the trachea in which the arteries veins and lymphatics, and bronchi go through

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2
Q

Root of the lung

A

Those first two bronchis from the trachea

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3
Q

Two anatomical Division of the lung

A

The upper Respiratory Airways and theLower respiratory Airways

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4
Q

Three parts of the respiratory system

A

lungs and respiratory portion
the ventalation mechanism (ie the rib and muscle)
and the air passages

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5
Q

Two functional regions of the lungs

A

Conducting portion and the respiratory portion

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6
Q

Conducting Portion of Lung

A

Function - conduct air and condition the air (filter heat and humidify)
Structure - varying size, much thicker than lower
Outside the lung - is the nasal cavity nasal pharynx and trachea
in the lung - is the bronchi bronchioles and the last part is the terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

Terminal Bronchioles

A

The last bronchiloles in the conducting zone

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8
Q

Respiratory Portion of Lung

A

Function - Gas exchange
Structure - thin walls only location of alveoli
First part is the respiratory bronchioles

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9
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles

A

the first part of the respiratory zone in the lung

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10
Q

Blood Supply in the Lung (Two Systems)

A

Bronchiole Circulation - nutrient vessels bring nutrients to lung, to the tunica adventitia and muscle layer
Pulmonary circulation - function as respiratory vessels, like the pumonary artery brings deoxy blood

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11
Q

Location of the pumonary artery and vein near the lung

A

They do not travel together, the pulmonary artery - is adjacent to the airway
the pulmonary vein - is in the connective tissue
4 veins return blood to left atrium

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12
Q

Cartilage in the lung (and regional qualities)

A

It is hyaline cartalige
C Shaped in the trachea - lays open to the esophagus for food
Bronchi have plates of cartilage less supportive and more prone to colapse
bronchioles have no cartilage

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13
Q

Smooth Muscle In lungs

A

Regulate airway Diameter

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14
Q

Type of Fibers in the Lung

A

Collagen and Elastic for recoil

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15
Q

Emphysema

A

Breakdown of fibers causing decrease Surface area, is a COPD and enlarged airspace distal. It causes problems

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16
Q

The Pleura is What in the lungs

A

the serous membrane around the lungs that is mesothelium and connective tissue
it hangs in the pulmonary cavity
Pleura is continuous with hilum

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17
Q

The two pleuras seen around the lung and whats between

A

We see the visceral peura adhering to the lung surface
we see the pleural cavity crucial next for vaccum
then we see pariatel pleura which is on the edge of the pulmonary cavity

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18
Q

Nasal Cavity (Structure and Function)

A

Turbinates or Conchae are the bone shelf
Structure - bone shelf projections lined with pseudostratified epithelium. Well vascularized
also olfactory epithelium located at the roof
Function - increase surface area so resp epithelium can humidify and filter

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19
Q

Trachea layers that Exist (3)

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, and Adventitia Cartilage

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20
Q

Trachea Mucosa

A

Elastic rich, with lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
We see pseudostratified cells on the epithelium
There is no muscularis mucosa
Basement membrane looks glassy looking can see in fibrosis

21
Q

Tracheal Submucosa

A

location of glands along with basement membrane, mucous production

22
Q

Tracheal perichondrium

A

inner cell layer outer fibrous surrounds the cartilage

this is the adventitia layer that is also cartilage

23
Q

5 Cell Types of epithelium in the trachea

A

Ciliated, Mucous, Brush Cells, Small granule Cell, Basal Cells

24
Q

Ciliated Cells of the Trachea

A

Secretes pericilliary Fluid (water layer) that is critical. surround the cilia so mucous does not thicken around the cilia too much
cilia can also form mucociliary escalator - that moves mucous up and out of the body
each cell has so man cilia that sweep

25
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Increase mucus and a decrease in the pericilliary fluid

so the cilia can not move as well

26
Q

Mucous Cells of trachea

A

Secretes mucous in to the cytoplasm. The mucous floats on the serous fluid
Cilia moves this up and out

27
Q

Mucociliary escalator

A

The movement of mucous coat out up the trachea

28
Q

Brush Cells of trachea

A

Columnar Cells with blunt microvilli
sensory receptor cells with synaptic contact on the basal side
It is a receptor cell

29
Q

Small Granule Cells of trachea

A

AKA enteroendocrine cells
Contain secreotory ranules
may function in reflexes

30
Q

Basal Cell of trachea

A

Stem cell and will regenerate trachea epithelial

31
Q

Metaplasia

A

The changing of epithelia from type to type in response to an irritant or toxin
ex// ciliated pseudostrat to strat squamous
will happen causing a caugh because of lack of cilia and smokers cough

32
Q

Layers of the Bronchi

A

Mucosa - Same cells as the trachea, has the lamina propria and such more elastic fibers seen
Muscularis mucosa - regulates diameter of airway
Submucosa - location of glands
Adventiatia/ cartilage - has the cartilage plates and decrease diameter

33
Q

Epithelial Change in Bronchioles

A

Psuedostratified to simple columnar to Simple Cuboidal (not abrupt)

34
Q

Layers in the Bronchioles

A

No Cartilage layer, no submucosal, thick smooth muscle layer, simple columnar to simple cuboidal

35
Q

Cell Type Changes in the Bronchioles

A

The ciliated cells gradual decrease while club cells increase

36
Q

Club Cells (Aka Clara Cells)

A

Take over epithelum from above. BEcome stem cell
Secrete lipoportein to prevent adhesion to walls
Detoxifies harmful compounds
Non ciliated simple columnar

37
Q

Alveoli Progression of Names

A

Alveoli - to alverolar ducts - to Alveolar Sacks

38
Q

Alveoli Lining

A

Pneumocytes line the alveoli. this is the side of gas exchange

39
Q

Alveolar Ducts

A

Only elastin and collagen fibers support with no smooth muscle

40
Q

Alveolar Sacks

A

Just space surrounded by alveoli

41
Q

Type I Pneumocytes

A

Gas Exchange happens
V thin cell
Squamous shaped with organelles wrapped aorund nucleus (so the cytoplasm is free for gas exchange)
95% of SA in alveolus

42
Q

Type II pneumocytes

A

Septal Cells -
Structure - rounded cells contains lamellar bodies
Brown nucleus poke in to air space seen in corners occupy 5% of area
Function - undergo mitosis to regenerate self and Type I
also produce Surfactant to prevent collapse of alveoli

43
Q

Interalveolar Septum Two Portions

A

Thick - pulmonary interstitium - we have collagen elastin, fibroblast, immune cells in these walls between sacks
Thin - is the blood air barrier
thin region one capillary wide only I pneumocytes

44
Q

blood air barrier Cell layers

A

Endothelium of capillary. Basement membrane fuses t the Type I pneumocyte basement membrane with capillary.
Four Components - Surfactant, alveolar epithelium, fused basement, endothelial

45
Q

What connects the Type I and II pneumocytes

A

Desmosomes and occluding tight junctions

46
Q

Alveolar Pores

A

Pores of Kohn **
Function - equalize pressure in alveoli
enable colateral ventilation - if you block one oyu can shunt to another
Allows for Dust Cell Migration

47
Q

Defenses within the Lung System (3)

A

Nose and Trachea (done by Cilia)
Mucociliary Ecalator - transport toward phayrnx
Macrophages - called dust cells engulf and then migrate away or stay (depending on if system is overloaded)

48
Q

What are the stem cells of each section

A

Trachea and Bronchi - the basal cell
Bronchiole - club cell
Alveolar - Type II pneumocyte

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

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