Respiratory Histology Flashcards
Hilum of lung
Medium indentation in the trachea in which the arteries veins and lymphatics, and bronchi go through
Root of the lung
Those first two bronchis from the trachea
Two anatomical Division of the lung
The upper Respiratory Airways and theLower respiratory Airways
Three parts of the respiratory system
lungs and respiratory portion
the ventalation mechanism (ie the rib and muscle)
and the air passages
Two functional regions of the lungs
Conducting portion and the respiratory portion
Conducting Portion of Lung
Function - conduct air and condition the air (filter heat and humidify)
Structure - varying size, much thicker than lower
Outside the lung - is the nasal cavity nasal pharynx and trachea
in the lung - is the bronchi bronchioles and the last part is the terminal bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
The last bronchiloles in the conducting zone
Respiratory Portion of Lung
Function - Gas exchange
Structure - thin walls only location of alveoli
First part is the respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
the first part of the respiratory zone in the lung
Blood Supply in the Lung (Two Systems)
Bronchiole Circulation - nutrient vessels bring nutrients to lung, to the tunica adventitia and muscle layer
Pulmonary circulation - function as respiratory vessels, like the pumonary artery brings deoxy blood
Location of the pumonary artery and vein near the lung
They do not travel together, the pulmonary artery - is adjacent to the airway
the pulmonary vein - is in the connective tissue
4 veins return blood to left atrium
Cartilage in the lung (and regional qualities)
It is hyaline cartalige
C Shaped in the trachea - lays open to the esophagus for food
Bronchi have plates of cartilage less supportive and more prone to colapse
bronchioles have no cartilage
Smooth Muscle In lungs
Regulate airway Diameter
Type of Fibers in the Lung
Collagen and Elastic for recoil
Emphysema
Breakdown of fibers causing decrease Surface area, is a COPD and enlarged airspace distal. It causes problems
The Pleura is What in the lungs
the serous membrane around the lungs that is mesothelium and connective tissue
it hangs in the pulmonary cavity
Pleura is continuous with hilum
The two pleuras seen around the lung and whats between
We see the visceral peura adhering to the lung surface
we see the pleural cavity crucial next for vaccum
then we see pariatel pleura which is on the edge of the pulmonary cavity
Nasal Cavity (Structure and Function)
Turbinates or Conchae are the bone shelf
Structure - bone shelf projections lined with pseudostratified epithelium. Well vascularized
also olfactory epithelium located at the roof
Function - increase surface area so resp epithelium can humidify and filter
Trachea layers that Exist (3)
Mucosa, Submucosa, and Adventitia Cartilage
Trachea Mucosa
Elastic rich, with lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
We see pseudostratified cells on the epithelium
There is no muscularis mucosa
Basement membrane looks glassy looking can see in fibrosis
Tracheal Submucosa
location of glands along with basement membrane, mucous production
Tracheal perichondrium
inner cell layer outer fibrous surrounds the cartilage
this is the adventitia layer that is also cartilage
5 Cell Types of epithelium in the trachea
Ciliated, Mucous, Brush Cells, Small granule Cell, Basal Cells
Ciliated Cells of the Trachea
Secretes pericilliary Fluid (water layer) that is critical. surround the cilia so mucous does not thicken around the cilia too much
cilia can also form mucociliary escalator - that moves mucous up and out of the body
each cell has so man cilia that sweep
