The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functions of Skin (5)

A
Reception
Protection
Regulate body Temperature (through blood vessels behind and adipose tissue)
Excretion Glands (also temp control)
Absorb (vit. D)
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2
Q

Skin Receptors (3 general classification)

A

Mechanoreceptors - touch and pressure
thermoreceptors - Respond to cold and warmth
Nociceptors -respond to pain

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3
Q

What Are the three Skin layers

A

Epidermis, the Dermis, and the hypodermis

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4
Q

Epidermis Properties

A

4-5 layers of cells shed and replaced
Produce keratin, pigment and immune cells
Derived from ectoderm,
No bood vessels or blood supply

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5
Q

Dermis Properties

A

Has collagen and elastin
contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands
these things must be there to maintain the epidermis
dervided from mesoderm

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6
Q

Hypodermis Properties

A

Loose connective tissue and varying adipose tissue

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7
Q

Rete Apparatus

A

Interface betwen the dermis and epidermis holding it tight together

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8
Q

The Dermal Ridges

A

are the papillae extending up from the dermis, stains way lighter than the epidermal

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9
Q

The Epidermal Ridges

A

Downward projections from the epidermis

Stains darker

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10
Q

Epidermis Cell Structure

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Contains free nerve endings

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11
Q

Four Cell Types of Epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans, merkel

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12
Q

Keratinocytes Properties

A

Largest population of cells in skin, have five layers to it.
Function - produce keratin, lipids, and lipoproteins
Divide at night - cytomorphosis

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13
Q

Cytomorphosis

A

The division of keratinocytes at night

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14
Q

What are the five zones of the keratinocytes in the epidermis from basal to outside

A

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (keratin)

Stratum lucidem is only present in soles and palms for extra protection

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15
Q

Connections of the Stratum Basale

A

Desmosomes connect laterally and to the stratum spinosum

Hemidesmosomes connect it to the basal lamina

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16
Q

Keratin Production by Keratonicytes Order

A

Stratum Basale - begin syntehsizing intermediate filaments called tonofilaments
Lower and Upper Stratm Spinosum - tonofilaments bundle to tonofibrils in lower. In upper the cells produce keratohyalin granules
Stratum Granulosum - substance from keratohyalin grandules combine with tonofibrils coverting to keratin
Stratum Corneum - cytoplasm replaced by keratin

17
Q

Lamellar Bodies

A

Keratinocytes also produce aka membrane coating granules. They help water proof make hydrophobic
They contain glycophospholipid

18
Q

How is lamellar bodies produced

A

stratum grandulosum lipid contents of lamellar bodies are extruded in to the intercellular spaces, making hydrophobic barrier

19
Q

Melanocytes (location and contents

A

located in stratum basale

contains tyrosine converts tyrosine to melanin. melanin transferred to keratinocytes via melanosomes to keratinocytes

20
Q

Melanin

A

pigment, and reason for tanning

21
Q

Melanosomes

A

transferres melanin to keratinocytes

22
Q

Langerhans

A

dendritic cell containing birbeck granules of unknown function
It is an APC phagocyte

23
Q

Merkel Cells

A

mechanoreceptor - found in deep part of epidermes. attached to nerve endings
sense light touch

24
Q

What are the two dermis layers

A

Papillary Layer

Reticular Layer

25
Papillary Layer
Immediately under the epidermis, elastic fiver and type III collagen Also anchoring fibris Type VII collage Capillary loops - see capillary walls that support epidermis
26
Reticular Layer
Type I collagen an elastic location of sweat glands, sebaceous glands hair follicles and smooth muscle cells see many wavy and pink
27
What are the glands in the reticular
Sweat glands | Sebaceous glands
28
Sweat Glands Name and type of excretion
Eccrine sweat glands, mode is merocrine so basic exocytosis.
29
Myoepithelial cells
share a basal lamina of acinar cells. The myoepithelial is smooth muscle to propel
30
Acinus
The secretory unit. the Acinus cells are surrounded by myoepithelial cells
31
Sweat glands name and mode of secretion
Apocrine sweat glands Apocrine secretion. So it pinches off peices of cell when secreting delivers product in same canal as the hair follicle. found in areaola and anal region
32
Sebaceous Glands mode of secretion and facts
Not on hands and feet secretory product called Sebum done through holocrine secretion so the whole cell is destroyed
33
Sebum
the oil secretion of a sebaceous gland
34
Hair follicles muscle
arrector Pili muscles that change the angle
35
The four skin receptors
Merkel - in the epidermis for light touch in papilla Meissner - in the dermis for light touch at same longitude of merkel Pacinian Corpuscle - looks like an onion for pressure Ruffini Organ - stretch organ