The Integumentary System

Question 1

What is the functions of Skin (5)

Answer 1

Reception
Protection
Regulate body Temperature (through blood vessels behind and adipose tissue)
Excretion Glands (also temp control)
Absorb (vit. D)

Question 2

Skin Receptors (3 general classification)

Answer 2

Mechanoreceptors - touch and pressure
thermoreceptors - Respond to cold and warmth
Nociceptors -respond to pain

Question 3

What Are the three Skin layers

Answer 3

Epidermis, the Dermis, and the hypodermis

Question 4

Epidermis Properties

Answer 4

4-5 layers of cells shed and replaced
Produce keratin, pigment and immune cells
Derived from ectoderm,
No bood vessels or blood supply

Question 5

Dermis Properties

Answer 5

Has collagen and elastin
contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands
these things must be there to maintain the epidermis
dervided from mesoderm

Question 6

Hypodermis Properties

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue and varying adipose tissue

Question 7

Rete Apparatus

Answer 7

Interface betwen the dermis and epidermis holding it tight together

Question 8

The Dermal Ridges

Answer 8

are the papillae extending up from the dermis, stains way lighter than the epidermal

Question 9

The Epidermal Ridges

Answer 9

Downward projections from the epidermis

Stains darker

Question 10

Epidermis Cell Structure

Answer 10

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Contains free nerve endings

Question 11

Four Cell Types of Epidermis

Answer 11

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans, merkel

Question 12

Keratinocytes Properties

Answer 12

Largest population of cells in skin, have five layers to it.
Function - produce keratin, lipids, and lipoproteins
Divide at night - cytomorphosis

Question 13

Cytomorphosis

Answer 13

The division of keratinocytes at night

Question 14

What are the five zones of the keratinocytes in the epidermis from basal to outside

Answer 14

Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (keratin)

Stratum lucidem is only present in soles and palms for extra protection

Question 15

Connections of the Stratum Basale

Answer 15

Desmosomes connect laterally and to the stratum spinosum

Hemidesmosomes connect it to the basal lamina

Question 16

Keratin Production by Keratonicytes Order

Answer 16

Stratum Basale - begin syntehsizing intermediate filaments called tonofilaments
Lower and Upper Stratm Spinosum - tonofilaments bundle to tonofibrils in lower. In upper the cells produce keratohyalin granules
Stratum Granulosum - substance from keratohyalin grandules combine with tonofibrils coverting to keratin
Stratum Corneum - cytoplasm replaced by keratin

Question 17

Lamellar Bodies

Answer 17

Keratinocytes also produce aka membrane coating granules. They help water proof make hydrophobic
They contain glycophospholipid

Question 18

How is lamellar bodies produced

Answer 18

stratum grandulosum lipid contents of lamellar bodies are extruded in to the intercellular spaces, making hydrophobic barrier

Question 19

Melanocytes (location and contents

Answer 19

located in stratum basale

contains tyrosine converts tyrosine to melanin. melanin transferred to keratinocytes via melanosomes to keratinocytes

Question 20

Melanin

Answer 20

pigment, and reason for tanning

Question 21

Melanosomes

Answer 21

transferres melanin to keratinocytes

Question 22

Langerhans

Answer 22

dendritic cell containing birbeck granules of unknown function
It is an APC phagocyte

Question 23

Merkel Cells

Answer 23

mechanoreceptor - found in deep part of epidermes. attached to nerve endings
sense light touch

Question 24

What are the two dermis layers

Answer 24

Papillary Layer

Reticular Layer

Question 25

Papillary Layer

Answer 25

Immediately under the epidermis,
elastic fiver and type III collagen
Also anchoring fibris Type VII collage
Capillary loops - see capillary walls that support epidermis

Question 26

Reticular Layer

Answer 26

Type I collagen an elastic
location of sweat glands, sebaceous glands
hair follicles and smooth muscle cells
see many wavy and pink

Question 27

What are the glands in the reticular

Answer 27

Sweat glands

Sebaceous glands

Question 28

Sweat Glands Name and type of excretion

Answer 28

Eccrine sweat glands, mode is merocrine so basic exocytosis.

Question 29

Myoepithelial cells

Answer 29

share a basal lamina of acinar cells. The myoepithelial is smooth muscle to propel

Question 30

Acinus

Answer 30

The secretory unit. the Acinus cells are surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Question 31

Sweat glands name and mode of secretion

Answer 31

Apocrine sweat glands
Apocrine secretion. So it pinches off peices of cell when secreting
delivers product in same canal as the hair follicle. found in areaola and anal region

Question 32

Sebaceous Glands mode of secretion and facts

Answer 32

Not on hands and feet
secretory product called Sebum
done through holocrine secretion so the whole cell is destroyed

Question 33

Sebum

Answer 33

the oil secretion of a sebaceous gland

Question 34

Hair follicles muscle

Answer 34

arrector Pili muscles that change the angle

Question 35

The four skin receptors

Answer 35

Merkel - in the epidermis for light touch in papilla
Meissner - in the dermis for light touch at same longitude of merkel
Pacinian Corpuscle - looks like an onion for pressure
Ruffini Organ - stretch organ