Urinary System Flashcards
the release of waste materials from the body (carbon dioxide, sweat, urea, water, and wastes)
Excretion
What are the four excretory organs?
1) Liver
2) Lungs
3) Skin
4) Kidney
the removal of bacteria, toxins, hormones, and dead blood cells (takes place in the liver)
Detoxification
disease in which too many toxins causes the liver to become hardened and it stops functioning
Cirrhosis
substance produced by the liver that is made up of amino acids
Urea
removes organic waste products created by the cells of the body from the blood
Urinary System
What are the functions of the urinary system?
1) Regulate blood volume and pressure
2) Regulate ion concentrations of electrolytes
3) Regulate blood pH
4) Conserve nutrients (sugar)
5) Help detoxify blood (filtration)
What are the four parts of the urinary system?
1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Urinary bladder
4) urethra
organ of the urinary system, 2 of them, behind the peritoneum, filter the blood, reabsorb needed materials, secrete urine
Kidneys
organ of the urinary system, connects the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
organ of the urinary system, stores the urine
Urinary bladder
organ of the urinary system, releases wastes to the outside of the body
Urethra
located above the kidneys on each side, secrete hormones into the blood
Adrenal glands
inner edge of the kidney where blood vessels and ureters enter
Hilus
the covering on the outside of the kidney
Renal Capsule
What are the functions of the kidney?
1) Removes wastes from the blood
2) Regulates concentrations of substances in bodily fluids ( salts, water, sugars)
What are the layers of the kidney?
1) Cortex
2) Medulla
3) Pelvis
outer layer of the kidney, filters all material out of the blood, 180 liters/day
Cortex
middle layer of the kidney, reabsorbs needed materials back into the blood, 178 Liters,day
Medulla
inner most layer of the kidney, connects to the ureter, secretes excess material (urine), 2 liters/day
Pelivs
in the medulla, triangular structures
Renal Pyramids
drain urine from the renal pyramids
Minor Calyx
collect urine from minor calyxes (4-5) and dump into the pelvis
Major Calyx
the functional unit of the kidney, 1.25 million per kidney, filters the blood
Nephron
What are the two types of nephrons?
1) Cortical
2) Juxtamedullary
type of nephron, 85%, found mostly in the cortex
Cortical
type of nephron, 15%, found in the cortex and medulla
Juxtamedullary
ball of capillaries where materials are filtered out of the blood, first section of the nephron (filtration)
Glomerulus
surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate and needed/uunneeded material, second section of the nephron (filtration)
Bowman’s capsule
total area where reabsorption occurs, contains the loop of henle
renal tubule
leads into the glomerulus
afferent arteriole
leads out of the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
collects urine and connects to the pelvis/ureters (secretion)
Collecting duct
What are the three parts to the renal tubule?
1) proximal convoluted tubule
2) loop of henle
3) distal convoluted tubule
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 60-70% of water and electrolytes
proximal convoluted tubule
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 25% of water and most sodium and calcium ions
Loop of Henle
part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 5% of water and some electrolytes
Distal Convoluted tubule
only the unneeded material that is released from the body
urine
the process of urination
micturation
How does urine formation maintain homeostasis?
1) Regulation of blood volume
2) regulation of the composition of blood
caries blood into the kidney, high oxygen levels, ‘dirty’ blood
Renal artery
carries blood away from the kidney, low oxygen levels, ‘clean’ blood
Renal vein
smaller blood vessels that lead into and out of the glomerulus
aterioles
needed and unneeded materials
filtrate
What are the three waste products in the urine?
1) Urea
2) Creatine
3) Uric Acid
a waste product in urine, 21 grams/day, proteins breakdown from the liver
Urea
waste product in urine, 1.8 grams/day, broken down creatine that is made in muscle tissue
Creatine
waste product in urine, .5 grams/day, formed from breaking down RNA molecules
Uric Acid
What are the three layers of the ureters?
1) Muscosa
2) Muscular
3) Serous
the inner layer of the ureters, makes mucous
Mucosa
the middle layer of the ureters, 2 different layers, smooth muscle
Muscular
outer layer of the ureters, protective connective tissues
Serous
What are the four layers of the urinary bladder?
1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Serous
the stretch receptors that cause the urge to urinate, parasympathetic NS control
Micturation reflex
What are some affects of aging on the urinary system?
1) Incontinence
2) Kidney stones
3) Cancer
4) Muscles weaken
inability to control urine, involuntary leakage of urine
incontinence
an infection of the urinary system, caused by ecoli, bacterial, begins in the urethra
UTI
inflammation of the bladder, chronic
Interstitial Cystitis
swelling of the nephrons
nephritis
urine test
urinalysis
outer layer of kidney tissue dies
Cortical Necrosis
filters the blood when kidneys do not function
Dialysis
swelling of the prostate due to abnormal growth of tissue and cells
Prostate Cancer
rare malignant tumor of the kidney
Wilms Tumor
hardened deposits that pass through the kidneys, ureters, and urethra
Calculi/ Kidney Stones
reduced blood flow through the kidney, swelling of kidney
Kidney Failure
cancer of the bladder, abnormal growth of cells/tissues in the bladder
Bladder Carcinoma
the bladder bulges into the vaginal canal/ prolapse, one cause can be childbirth
Cystocele
urate crystals build up in the joints, typically in the feet/toes
Gout
