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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

the release of waste materials from the body (carbon dioxide, sweat, urea, water, and wastes)

A

Excretion

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2
Q

What are the four excretory organs?

A

1) Liver
2) Lungs
3) Skin
4) Kidney

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3
Q

the removal of bacteria, toxins, hormones, and dead blood cells (takes place in the liver)

A

Detoxification

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4
Q

disease in which too many toxins causes the liver to become hardened and it stops functioning

A

Cirrhosis

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5
Q

substance produced by the liver that is made up of amino acids

A

Urea

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6
Q

removes organic waste products created by the cells of the body from the blood

A

Urinary System

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7
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

1) Regulate blood volume and pressure
2) Regulate ion concentrations of electrolytes
3) Regulate blood pH
4) Conserve nutrients (sugar)
5) Help detoxify blood (filtration)

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8
Q

What are the four parts of the urinary system?

A

1) Kidneys
2) Ureters
3) Urinary bladder
4) urethra

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9
Q

organ of the urinary system, 2 of them, behind the peritoneum, filter the blood, reabsorb needed materials, secrete urine

A

Kidneys

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10
Q

organ of the urinary system, connects the kidneys to the bladder

A

Ureters

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11
Q

organ of the urinary system, stores the urine

A

Urinary bladder

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12
Q

organ of the urinary system, releases wastes to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

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13
Q

located above the kidneys on each side, secrete hormones into the blood

A

Adrenal glands

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14
Q

inner edge of the kidney where blood vessels and ureters enter

A

Hilus

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15
Q

the covering on the outside of the kidney

A

Renal Capsule

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16
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A

1) Removes wastes from the blood

2) Regulates concentrations of substances in bodily fluids ( salts, water, sugars)

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17
Q

What are the layers of the kidney?

A

1) Cortex
2) Medulla
3) Pelvis

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18
Q

outer layer of the kidney, filters all material out of the blood, 180 liters/day

A

Cortex

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19
Q

middle layer of the kidney, reabsorbs needed materials back into the blood, 178 Liters,day

A

Medulla

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20
Q

inner most layer of the kidney, connects to the ureter, secretes excess material (urine), 2 liters/day

A

Pelivs

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21
Q

in the medulla, triangular structures

A

Renal Pyramids

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22
Q

drain urine from the renal pyramids

A

Minor Calyx

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23
Q

collect urine from minor calyxes (4-5) and dump into the pelvis

A

Major Calyx

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24
Q

the functional unit of the kidney, 1.25 million per kidney, filters the blood

A

Nephron

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25
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

1) Cortical

2) Juxtamedullary

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26
Q

type of nephron, 85%, found mostly in the cortex

A

Cortical

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27
Q

type of nephron, 15%, found in the cortex and medulla

A

Juxtamedullary

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28
Q

ball of capillaries where materials are filtered out of the blood, first section of the nephron (filtration)

A

Glomerulus

29
Q

surrounds the glomerulus and collects filtrate and needed/uunneeded material, second section of the nephron (filtration)

A

Bowman’s capsule

30
Q

total area where reabsorption occurs, contains the loop of henle

A

renal tubule

31
Q

leads into the glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

32
Q

leads out of the glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

33
Q

collects urine and connects to the pelvis/ureters (secretion)

A

Collecting duct

34
Q

What are the three parts to the renal tubule?

A

1) proximal convoluted tubule
2) loop of henle
3) distal convoluted tubule

35
Q

part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 60-70% of water and electrolytes

A

proximal convoluted tubule

36
Q

part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 25% of water and most sodium and calcium ions

A

Loop of Henle

37
Q

part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs 5% of water and some electrolytes

A

Distal Convoluted tubule

38
Q

only the unneeded material that is released from the body

A

urine

39
Q

the process of urination

A

micturation

40
Q

How does urine formation maintain homeostasis?

A

1) Regulation of blood volume

2) regulation of the composition of blood

41
Q

caries blood into the kidney, high oxygen levels, ‘dirty’ blood

A

Renal artery

42
Q

carries blood away from the kidney, low oxygen levels, ‘clean’ blood

A

Renal vein

43
Q

smaller blood vessels that lead into and out of the glomerulus

A

aterioles

44
Q

needed and unneeded materials

A

filtrate

45
Q

What are the three waste products in the urine?

A

1) Urea
2) Creatine
3) Uric Acid

46
Q

a waste product in urine, 21 grams/day, proteins breakdown from the liver

A

Urea

47
Q

waste product in urine, 1.8 grams/day, broken down creatine that is made in muscle tissue

A

Creatine

48
Q

waste product in urine, .5 grams/day, formed from breaking down RNA molecules

A

Uric Acid

49
Q

What are the three layers of the ureters?

A

1) Muscosa
2) Muscular
3) Serous

50
Q

the inner layer of the ureters, makes mucous

A

Mucosa

51
Q

the middle layer of the ureters, 2 different layers, smooth muscle

A

Muscular

52
Q

outer layer of the ureters, protective connective tissues

A

Serous

53
Q

What are the four layers of the urinary bladder?

A

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Serous

54
Q

the stretch receptors that cause the urge to urinate, parasympathetic NS control

A

Micturation reflex

55
Q

What are some affects of aging on the urinary system?

A

1) Incontinence
2) Kidney stones
3) Cancer
4) Muscles weaken

56
Q

inability to control urine, involuntary leakage of urine

A

incontinence

57
Q

an infection of the urinary system, caused by ecoli, bacterial, begins in the urethra

A

UTI

58
Q

inflammation of the bladder, chronic

A

Interstitial Cystitis

59
Q

swelling of the nephrons

A

nephritis

60
Q

urine test

A

urinalysis

61
Q

outer layer of kidney tissue dies

A

Cortical Necrosis

62
Q

filters the blood when kidneys do not function

A

Dialysis

63
Q

swelling of the prostate due to abnormal growth of tissue and cells

A

Prostate Cancer

64
Q

rare malignant tumor of the kidney

A

Wilms Tumor

65
Q

hardened deposits that pass through the kidneys, ureters, and urethra

A

Calculi/ Kidney Stones

66
Q

reduced blood flow through the kidney, swelling of kidney

A

Kidney Failure

67
Q

cancer of the bladder, abnormal growth of cells/tissues in the bladder

A

Bladder Carcinoma

68
Q

the bladder bulges into the vaginal canal/ prolapse, one cause can be childbirth

A

Cystocele

69
Q

urate crystals build up in the joints, typically in the feet/toes

A

Gout

Anatomy (12 decks)

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