Circulation: Chapter 20/21 Flashcards
What happens if blood does not move?
1) Oxygen and nutrients do not get to the cells
2) Wastes are not carried away from cells
3) Hormones and WBC’s cannot get to their destination
a part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the lungs and back
Pulmonary Circuit
part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the body and back
Systematic Circuit
What is the vessel order?
Artery–> arteriole–> capillary–> venuole–> vein
How do veins and arteries differ?
Arteries- high pressure, carry away, thick, red, high oxygen, deep, no valves
Veins- low pressure, blue, return to heart, thin, low oxygen, superficial, have valves
What are the four chambers of the heart?
1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle
a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the body
Right atrium
a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the lungs
Left Atrium
a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the body
Left Ventricle
surrounds the heart, filled with fluid
Pericardial Sac
area between the lungs inside the mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
between the pleural cavities
Mediastinum
tissue of the heart (visceral), and the tissue surrounding the heart (parietal)
Pericardium
reduces friction between the two pericardium layers
Pericardial fluid
grooves for blood vessels on the heart
Sulcus
What are the three types of sulcus?
1) Coronary
2) anterior intraventricular
3) posterior intraventricular
type of sulcus, located between the atria and ventricles
Coronary
type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the front of the heart
Anterior Intraventricular
type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the back of the heart
Posterior intraventricular
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium
layer of the heart wall, same as visceral pericardium, outer covering of the heart
Epicardium
layer of the heart wall, the muscle wall (cardiac muscle)
Myocardium
layer of the heart wall, the inner layer, makes the valves
Endocardium
divides the right and left atria
Interatrial septum
divides the right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
return blood to the right atrium from the body
Inferior/Superior Vena Cavas
vessel that collects blood from the heart ad returns it to the right atrium atrium
Coronary Sinus
What are the four valves in the heart?
1) tricuspid valve
2) Pulmonary valve
3) bicuspid valve
4) aortic valve
valve of the heart, between the right atrium and ventricle
Tricuspid valve
valve of the heart, between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Valve
valve of the heart, also known as the mitral valve, between the left atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid valve
runs from the heart wall to valve flaps and prevent prolapse of blood
Chordae Tendonae
muscles on the heart wall that pulls on the chordae tendonae to create tension on the valve flap
Papillary Muscles
returns blood to the Left Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
What is the difference between the left and right ventricle?
left- thicker and stronger
right- thinner and weaker
What are the functions of the connective tissues?
1) provide support
2) spread out contraction force
3) give strength and prevent over expansion
4) provides elasticity to rebound to normal shape and size
What are apart of the Right coronary artery supplies?
1) Right Atrium
2) Parts of both ventricles
3) Pacemakers (nerve bundles)
what are apart of the Left Coronary Artery supplies?
1) Left Atrium
2) Left ventricle
3) Septum
cells that contract the heart to pump blood (muscle cells)
contractile cells
control the contractile cells and nerve cells (pacemakers)
conducting system
trigger the atria to contract, located in the upper atria between vena cavas, contain pacemaker cells that establish heart rate
S/A (Sinoatrial) Node
trigger ventricles to contract , located in the bottom of the Right Atrium (by the tricuspid valve)
A/V (Atrioventricular) Node
nerve fibers that conduct electrical impulses from pacemaker cells to heart muscles
Purkinje fibers
slow heart rate
Bradycardia
fast heart rate
Tachycardia
test to check the electrical events of the heart
ECG- Electrocardiogram
wave of an ECG, atria start to contract
P Wave
wave of an ECG, ventricles contract, atria relac
QRS Wave
wave of an ECG, ventricles relax
T Wave
top number of blood pressure, contraction phase, “Lubb Dubb”
Systole
bottom number of blood pressure, relaxation phase, chambers fill
Diastole
process of listening to the heart with a stethoscope
Auscultation
1st sound the heart makes (S), bicuspid and tricuspid valves close, start of ventricular contraction
Lub
2nd sound the heart makes (S2), pulmonary and aortic valves closing, ventricles fill
Dub
quiet sound, blood flowing into ventricles
S3
quiet sound, atrial contraction
S4
fancy name for a blood pressure cuff
Sphygnomonameter
What two things affect heart rate?
1) Autonomic Activity
2) Circulating hormones
part of the autonomic nervous system, slows down heart rate
parasympathetic system
part of the autonomic nervous system, speeds up heart rate
sympathetic system
What are three hormones that speed up heart rate?
1) Epinephrine
2) Norepinephrine
3) Thyroid hormone
controls the autonomic NS
Medulla Oblongota
location of the sympathetic and parasympathetic centers
Hypothalamus
detects pressure
baroreceptors
detect oxygen levels
chemoreceptors
