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Anatomy > Circulation: Chapter 20/21 > Flashcards

Circulation: Chapter 20/21 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens if blood does not move?

A

1) Oxygen and nutrients do not get to the cells
2) Wastes are not carried away from cells
3) Hormones and WBC’s cannot get to their destination

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2
Q

a part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the lungs and back

A

Pulmonary Circuit

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3
Q

part of the cardiovascular system, from the heart to the body and back

A

Systematic Circuit

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4
Q

What is the vessel order?

A

Artery–> arteriole–> capillary–> venuole–> vein

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5
Q

How do veins and arteries differ?

A

Arteries- high pressure, carry away, thick, red, high oxygen, deep, no valves
Veins- low pressure, blue, return to heart, thin, low oxygen, superficial, have valves

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6
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

1) Right Atrium
2) Right Ventricle
3) Left Atrium
4) Left Ventricle

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7
Q

a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the body

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

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9
Q

a chamber of the heart, collects blood from the lungs

A

Left Atrium

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10
Q

a chamber of the heart, pumps blood to the body

A

Left Ventricle

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11
Q

surrounds the heart, filled with fluid

A

Pericardial Sac

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12
Q

area between the lungs inside the mediastinum

A

Pericardial cavity

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13
Q

between the pleural cavities

A

Mediastinum

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14
Q

tissue of the heart (visceral), and the tissue surrounding the heart (parietal)

A

Pericardium

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15
Q

reduces friction between the two pericardium layers

A

Pericardial fluid

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16
Q

grooves for blood vessels on the heart

A

Sulcus

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17
Q

What are the three types of sulcus?

A

1) Coronary
2) anterior intraventricular
3) posterior intraventricular

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18
Q

type of sulcus, located between the atria and ventricles

A

Coronary

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19
Q

type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the front of the heart

A

Anterior Intraventricular

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20
Q

type of sulcus, located between the right and left ventricles on the back of the heart

A

Posterior intraventricular

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

1) Epicardium
2) Myocardium
3) Endocardium

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22
Q

layer of the heart wall, same as visceral pericardium, outer covering of the heart

A

Epicardium

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23
Q

layer of the heart wall, the muscle wall (cardiac muscle)

A

Myocardium

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24
Q

layer of the heart wall, the inner layer, makes the valves

A

Endocardium

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25
Q

divides the right and left atria

A

Interatrial septum

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26
Q

divides the right and left ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

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27
Q

return blood to the right atrium from the body

A

Inferior/Superior Vena Cavas

28
Q

vessel that collects blood from the heart ad returns it to the right atrium atrium

A

Coronary Sinus

29
Q

What are the four valves in the heart?

A

1) tricuspid valve
2) Pulmonary valve
3) bicuspid valve
4) aortic valve

30
Q

valve of the heart, between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

31
Q

valve of the heart, between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary Valve

32
Q

valve of the heart, also known as the mitral valve, between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

33
Q

runs from the heart wall to valve flaps and prevent prolapse of blood

A

Chordae Tendonae

34
Q

muscles on the heart wall that pulls on the chordae tendonae to create tension on the valve flap

A

Papillary Muscles

35
Q

returns blood to the Left Atrium

A

Pulmonary Veins

36
Q

What is the difference between the left and right ventricle?

A

left- thicker and stronger

right- thinner and weaker

37
Q

What are the functions of the connective tissues?

A

1) provide support
2) spread out contraction force
3) give strength and prevent over expansion
4) provides elasticity to rebound to normal shape and size

38
Q

What are apart of the Right coronary artery supplies?

A

1) Right Atrium
2) Parts of both ventricles
3) Pacemakers (nerve bundles)

39
Q

what are apart of the Left Coronary Artery supplies?

A

1) Left Atrium
2) Left ventricle
3) Septum

40
Q

cells that contract the heart to pump blood (muscle cells)

A

contractile cells

41
Q

control the contractile cells and nerve cells (pacemakers)

A

conducting system

42
Q

trigger the atria to contract, located in the upper atria between vena cavas, contain pacemaker cells that establish heart rate

A

S/A (Sinoatrial) Node

43
Q

trigger ventricles to contract , located in the bottom of the Right Atrium (by the tricuspid valve)

A

A/V (Atrioventricular) Node

44
Q

nerve fibers that conduct electrical impulses from pacemaker cells to heart muscles

A

Purkinje fibers

45
Q

slow heart rate

A

Bradycardia

46
Q

fast heart rate

A

Tachycardia

47
Q

test to check the electrical events of the heart

A

ECG- Electrocardiogram

48
Q

wave of an ECG, atria start to contract

A

P Wave

49
Q

wave of an ECG, ventricles contract, atria relac

A

QRS Wave

50
Q

wave of an ECG, ventricles relax

A

T Wave

51
Q

top number of blood pressure, contraction phase, “Lubb Dubb”

A

Systole

52
Q

bottom number of blood pressure, relaxation phase, chambers fill

A

Diastole

53
Q

process of listening to the heart with a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

54
Q

1st sound the heart makes (S), bicuspid and tricuspid valves close, start of ventricular contraction

A

Lub

55
Q

2nd sound the heart makes (S2), pulmonary and aortic valves closing, ventricles fill

A

Dub

56
Q

quiet sound, blood flowing into ventricles

A

S3

57
Q

quiet sound, atrial contraction

A

S4

58
Q

fancy name for a blood pressure cuff

A

Sphygnomonameter

59
Q

What two things affect heart rate?

A

1) Autonomic Activity

2) Circulating hormones

60
Q

part of the autonomic nervous system, slows down heart rate

A

parasympathetic system

61
Q

part of the autonomic nervous system, speeds up heart rate

A

sympathetic system

62
Q

What are three hormones that speed up heart rate?

A

1) Epinephrine
2) Norepinephrine
3) Thyroid hormone

63
Q

controls the autonomic NS

A

Medulla Oblongota

64
Q

location of the sympathetic and parasympathetic centers

A

Hypothalamus

65
Q

detects pressure

A

baroreceptors

66
Q

detect oxygen levels

A

chemoreceptors

Anatomy (12 decks)

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