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Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

use of oxygen to breakdown glucose to create energy

A

Aerobic Metabolism

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2
Q

the functional unit of the lung (simple squamous cells), sir filled sac that is surrounded by the capillaries, location of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

1) Gas Exchange
2) Moves air in and out of the alveoli
3) protects passageways from toxins
4) make sound
5) gives you your sense of smell

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4
Q

Parts of the Upper respiratory system:

A

1) Nose
2) Nasal Cavity
3) Paranasal sinuses
4) Pharynx

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5
Q

What happens to air in the nose?

A

1) cleans air
2) warms air
3) moistens air

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6
Q

What are the parts of the lower respiratory system?

A

1) Larynx
2) trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles
5) Alveoli

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7
Q

part of the respiratory tract, runs from the entrance to the branches

A

conducting portion

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8
Q

part of the respiratory tract, runs from bronchioles to alveoli

A

respiratory portion

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9
Q

lines the respiratory tract

A

respiratory mucosa

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10
Q

secretes mucous for lining

A

Lamina propina

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11
Q

extensions that move mucous upward; filters air

A

Cilia

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12
Q

nostrils

A

nares

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13
Q

division of the nostrils

A

Septum

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14
Q

stores mucous to keep areas moist

A

paranasal sinuses

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15
Q

Where are the 4 types of sinuses?

A

1) Maxillary- upper jaw
2) Frontal- forehead
3) Ethmoidal- behind eyes
4) Sphenoidal- temples

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16
Q

create the sense of smell

A

olfactory receptors

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17
Q

cause air to swirl as it enters the passageway to make more contact with the lining of the tract

A

nasal conchae

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18
Q

area above the hard and soft palate

A

nasopharynx

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19
Q

soft palate to base of tongue

A

Oropharynx

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20
Q

hyoid bone to epiglottis, separates the esophagus from the trachea

A

laryngopharynx

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21
Q

made up of hyaline cartilage

A

Larynx

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22
Q

opening in the larynx

A

Glottis

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23
Q

upper front plate of the larynx (adam’s apple)

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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24
Q

lower front plate of the larynx

A

Cricoid Cartilage

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25
Q

flap that prevents food from entering the trachea

A

Epiglottis

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26
Q

prevent food from entering the larynx (protection)

A

False Vocal Cords

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27
Q

tissue that creates sound when it vibrates (air flow)

A

True Vocal Cords

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28
Q

process of creating sound (vibrations)

A

Phonation

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29
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

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30
Q

Characteristics of the trachea

A

1) flexible tube
2) 5 inches long
3) 1 inch diameter
4) C-shaped rings of cartilage (open to the back)
5) esophagus located behind it

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31
Q

splits once to right and the left, first branch of the bronchiole tree, right side is bigger

A

Primary bronchi

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32
Q

area where primary bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter the lung

A

Hilus

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33
Q

top of the lung (under the clavicle)

A

apex

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34
Q

bottom of the lung (sits on diaphragm)

A

base

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35
Q

primary bronchi and all of the branches off of it

A

bronchial tree

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36
Q

What is the order of the bronchial tree?

A

1) primary bronchi (1 rt, 1 lft)
2) secondary bronchi (3 rt, 2 lft)
3) tertiary bronchi
4) bronchioles
5) terminal bronchioles
6) respiratory bronchioles
7) Alevolar ducts
8) Alevoli (300 million)

37
Q

have cartilage

A

bronchi

38
Q

made up of muscular walls (no cartilage)

A

bronchioles

39
Q

small segments of the lung and blood vessels that supply them

A

pulmonary lobules

40
Q

tissue that covers the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

41
Q

the passageway into the alveoli (muscular duct)

A

alveolar ducts

42
Q

functional unit of the lung, 300 million, air filled sacs, surrounded by blood vessels

A

Alveoli

43
Q

remove dust particles from the alveoli

A

Alveolar macrophages

44
Q

create surfactant that keeps the walls of the lung from sticking together

A

Septal Cells

45
Q

lack of surfactant

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

46
Q

thin layer that separates the air from the blood cells

A

Respiratory Membranes

47
Q

Why does air travel from alveoli to blood rapidly?

A

1) Short distance (thin)

2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are lipid soluble

48
Q

carries low oxygen blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

49
Q

takes high oxygen blood

A

pulmonary vein

50
Q

What is the order of vessels during exchanging of gases?

A

artery (blue)–> Arteriole (low Oxygen)—> Capillary—> Venuole (Red)—> Vein (High Oxygen)

51
Q

the body cavity that is from the diaphragm up

A

Thoracic Cavity

52
Q

the body cavity that is around each lung

A

Pleural Cavity

53
Q

area between the pleural cavities

A

Mediastinum

54
Q

the name for the wall of the chest

A

Parietal Pleura

55
Q

name for the tissue on the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral Pleura

56
Q

lubricates the surface of the lung

A

Pleural Fluid

57
Q

exchanging gases between the air and the lungs

A

External respiration

58
Q

exchanging gases between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration- in mitochondria)

A

Internal respiration

59
Q

low oxygen levels

A

Hypoxia

60
Q

complete loss of oxygen

A

Apoxia

61
Q

a law that states that pressure and volume are inverses of one another

A

Boyle’s Law

62
Q

pressure surrounding air (760 mm Hg/mg

A

Atmospheric pressure

63
Q

pressure in the respiratory tract

A

Intrapulmonary pressure

64
Q

air in, chest out, diaphragm down

A

Inspiration

65
Q

air out, chest in, diaphragm up

A

Expiration

66
Q

ability of the lungs to expand

A

Compliance

67
Q

What allows the lungs to expand?

A

1) Connective tissue structure
2) amount of surfactant
3) mobility of thoracic cage

68
Q

one inhalation and exhalation

A

Respiratory cycle

69
Q

amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in one respiratory cycle

A

Tidal volume

70
Q

What are the two main muscles that deal with breathing?

A

1) Diaphragm

2) Intercostals

71
Q

ability of the diaphragm and rib cage to return to its resting position

A

Elastic Rebound

72
Q

number of breaths per minute

A

Respiratory rate

73
Q

area from entrance to alveoli (air does not get used)

A

Anatomical Dead Space

74
Q

air that reaches the alveoli

A

Alveolar Ventilation

75
Q

What two things can alveolar ventilation be increased by?

A

1) tidal volume

2) respiratory rate

76
Q

the amount of air that goes in and out

A

Resting tidal volume

77
Q

keeps the lungs from collapsing, whatever is left in the lung after all air has been blown out

A

Residual Volume

78
Q

when a person takes a full breath in and exhales fully, shows fitness level

A

vital capacity

79
Q

the protein pigment that carries oxygen

9 4 molecules of oxygen per molecule)

A

Hemoglobin

80
Q

What two parts of the brain control voluntary respiration?

A

1) Cerebral cortex

2) Coordinates breathing

81
Q

allows breathing when desired (voluntary)

A

Cerebral Cortex

82
Q

coordinates voluntary breathing

A

Cerebellum

83
Q

What two parts of the brain control involuntary breathing?

A

1) Medulla Oblongata

2) Pons

84
Q

part of the brain that controls forced breathing

A

Medulla Oblongata

85
Q

part of the brain that controls passive breathing

A

Pons

86
Q

What does the dorsal respiratory group control?

A

Inspiration

87
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group control?

A

Exhalation

88
Q

What are 5 factors that affect respiratory centers?

A

1) Chemoreceptors
2) Blood Pressure
3) Lung Stretch Receptors
4) Irritations in the respiratory tract
5) Other sensations (pain, temperature)

89
Q

What are 5 affects of aging on the respiratory system?

A

1) Less surfactant
2) Alveoli break down
3) Arthritis in the rib cage
4) Low blood volume
5) Increase cancer risk

Anatomy (12 decks)

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