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Anatomy > Chapter 19: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 19: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What three things make up the cardiovascular system?

A

1) Blood
2) Heart
3) Blood Vessels

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2
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

1) Supplies nutrients to cells
2) Supplies oxygen to cells
3) Removes wastes
4) Prevents diseases

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3
Q

takes fluids out of the tissues that are carried into it by the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic System

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4
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

1) Transports dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste
2) Regulates pH and ion composition of blood
3) Blood clotting
4) Defends against toxins and pathogens
5) Regulates body temperature

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5
Q

What two things make up blood composition?

A

1) Plasma

2) Formed Elements

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6
Q

What are the three formed elements?

A

1) Red Blood Cells
2) White Blood Cells
3) Platelets

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7
Q

plasma and formed elements together

A

Whole Blood

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8
Q

makes up 50-60% of blood, is made up of 92% water, 8% proteins and electrolytes

A

Plasma

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9
Q

What are the three proteins in plasma?

A

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Fibrinogen

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10
Q

one of the plasma proteins, 60% of the proteins, help transport materials by osmosis

A

Albumin

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11
Q

one of the plasma proteins (35%), contain antibodies

A

Globulins

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12
Q

one of the plasma proteins (4%), clot the blood

A

Fibrinogens

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13
Q

formation of blood in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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14
Q

stem cells for all blood cell formation

A

Hemocytoblasts

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15
Q

contain hemoglobin, 99.9% of all blood cells, 25 trillion in the body, have a biconcave shape

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

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16
Q

percentage of whole blood that is formed elements

A

Hemocrit

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17
Q

What are three benefits of a RBC being biconcave in shape?

A

1) Surface Area to Volume ratio is better
2) Cells are stackable
3) Cells are flexible

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18
Q

found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, removes damaged cells

A

Phagocytic cells

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19
Q

rupturing of blood cells

A

hemolysis

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20
Q

makes the urine red/brown; caused by RBC’s breaking down

A

Hemoglobinuria

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21
Q

fully intact RBC’s in urine; kidneys are not functioning

A

Hematuria

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22
Q

the formation of RBC’s, occurs in the red marrow, yellow marrow can change to red when needed

A

Erythropoiesis

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23
Q

a person that studies blood formation and function

A

Hematologist

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24
Q

one of the plasma proteins, 60% of the proteins, help transport materials by osmosis

A

Albumin

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25
Q

one of the plasma proteins (35%), contain antibodies

A

Globulins

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26
Q

one of the plasma proteins (4%), clot the blood

A

Fibrinogens

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27
Q

formation of blood in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

28
Q

stem cells for all blood cell formation

A

Hemocytoblasts

29
Q

contain hemoglobin, 99.9% of all blood cells, 25 trillion in the body, have a biconcave shape

A

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

30
Q

percentage of whole blood that is formed elements

A

Hemocrit

31
Q

What are three benefits of a RBC being biconcave in shape?

A

1) Surface Area to Volume ratio is better
2) Cells are stackable
3) Cells are flexible

32
Q

found in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, removes damaged cells

A

Phagocytic cells

33
Q

rupturing of blood cells

A

hemolysis

34
Q

makes the urine red/brown; caused by RBC’s breaking down

A

Hemoglobinuria

35
Q

fully intact RBC’s in urine; kidneys are not functioning

A

Hematuria

36
Q

the formation of RBC’s, occurs in the red marrow, yellow marrow can change to red when needed

A

Erythropoiesis

37
Q

a person that studies blood formation and function

A

Hematologist

38
Q

trigger immune system responses (determine what blood type a person has)

A

Antigens

39
Q

antibodies that attack foreign red blood cells

A

agglutinins

40
Q

What are some characteristics of WBC’s?

A

1) Have a nucleus and organelles
2) no hemoglobin
3) fight pathogens
4) can leave the bloodstream

41
Q

type of WBC, a granulocyte, 50-70% granulocytes, fight bacterial infections, show up early

A

Neutrophils

42
Q

type of WBC make up 2-4% of granulocytes, fight parasitic infections, phagocytic

A

Eosinophils

43
Q

type of WBC make up less than 1 % of granulocytes, cause inflammation

A

Basophils

44
Q

type of WBC 2-8% of agranulocytes, trigger scar tissues, show up late in injury

A

Monocytes

45
Q

type of WBC, 20-30%, main line of defense

A

Lymphocyte

46
Q

What are the three classes of lympocytes?

A

1) T-Cells
2) B-Cells
3) NK Cells

47
Q

type of lymphocyte, defends against invading cells

A

t cells

48
Q

type of lymphocyte, produce and distribute antibodies

A

b cells

49
Q

fight cancers and abnormal tissues

A

NK (Natural Killer) Cells

50
Q

What are the characteristics of WBC’s?

A

1) use ameboid movement (change shape)
2) can leave the bloodstream
3) are attracted to chemical stimuli
4) phagocytic- eat damaged cells/tissues

51
Q

made in the bone marrow

A

WBC’s

52
Q

make lymphocytes and plasma

A

Lymphoid stem cells

53
Q

cells that form all blood cells

A

hemocytoblasts

54
Q

make all blood cells and platelets except lymphocytes and plasma

A

myeloid stem cells

55
Q

are flattened disks in the bloodstream, live 9-12 days, removed by liver and spleen

A

Platelets

56
Q

what are the functions of platelets?

A

1) transports chemical needed to clot
2) patch walls of damaged blood vessels
3) contraction of clot

57
Q

process of making platelets in the bone marrow

A

thrombocytipoeisis

58
Q

create platelets

A

Megakaryocytes

59
Q

process of stopping bleeding

A

Hemostasis

60
Q

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

A

1) Vascular phase
2) Platelet phase
3) coagulation phase

61
Q

phase of hemostasis, vessels contract (smooth muscle)

A

vascular phase

62
Q

phase of hemostasis, platelets fill into damaged blood vessels and form a platelet plug

A

Platelet phase

63
Q

phase of hemostasis, blood clot forms when fibers are added to platelets and forms a scab.

A

Coagulation phase

64
Q

What three things is blood clotting restricted by?

A

1) Anticoagulants- enzyme that stops clotting
2) Heparin- blood thinner
3) Protein C- inactivates clotting factors

65
Q

promote clotting, produced in the large intestine

A

Calcium ions and Vitamin K

66
Q

gradual breakdown of a blood clot

A

fibrinolysis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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