Nervous System Flashcards
includes the brain, spinal cord, and receptors in the sense organs
Neural tissue
the functional unit of the brain, transmits electrical impulses
Neurons
supporting cells that separate, protect, give structure, and are phagocytic
Neuroglia
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
1) central nervous system
2) peripheral nervous system
What does the CNS do/control?
1) relays info
2) processes info
3) analyzes info
What does the PNS do/control?
1) receives info from the environment
2) relays commands from the brain
What is the CNS made up of?
brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS made up of?
cranial and spinal nerves
what controls voluntary actions?
Somatic nervous system
What controls the involuntary actions?
Autonomic nervous system
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
1) Sympathetic
2) parasympathetic
What does the sympathetic nervous system do to your metabolism?
Speeds it up
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to your metabolism?
Slows it down
part of the neuron, contains the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Cell Body
part of the neuron, the end of the neuron that connects to other cells
Dendrites
part of the neuron, long fiber that connects the cell body to the terminal end
Axon
part of the neuron, area where 2 neurons meet (gap)
Synapse
chemicals that allow communications between two nerves
neurotransmitters
area where nerve connects to muscle
neuromuscular junction
area where nerve connects to muscle and glands connect
Neuroglandular Junction
What are the three types of neurons?
1) sensory
2) motor
3) interneurons
type of neuron, connected to sense organs
sensory
type of neuron, connect to muscles
Motor
type of neuron, connects one neuron together
Interneurons
3 protective layers that surround the brain and spinal cord
spinal meninges
fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
What are the three layers of the spinal meninges?
1) Dura mater
2) Arachnoid
3) Pia mater
layer of the spinal meninges, outer protective layer
Dura mater
layer of the spinal meninges, separates dura mater and the brain, looks like a spider web
Arachnoid
layer of the spinal meninges, directly covers the brain
Pia mater
made up of 100 billion neurons, 3 pounds
Brain
part of the brain, upper portion of the brain, 2 halves, largest part
Cerebrum
What are the 4 parts of the cerebrum?
1) Frontal
2) Parietal
3) Temporal
4) Occipital
What does the frontal lobe control?
memory and thought
What does the parietal lobe control?
sense of touch
What does the temporal lobe control?
hearing
What does the occipital lobe control?
Sight
coordinates and controls balance in the body parts you can control
Cerebellum
connects the brain stem to the cerebrum, regulates incoming stimulants
Thalamus
controls hunger, thirst, temperature, and anger
Hypothalamus
What do the pons and medulla oblongata control?
1) breathing
2) heart rate
3) swallowing
4) blood pressure
Where is the pons located?
in the front of the brain
Where is the medulla oblongata located?
in the back of the brain
connects the 2 lobes of the brain and exchanges info from side to side
Corpus Collosum
link between the brain and the body
spinal cord
bundle of neurons connected together
Nerves
the amount of energy needed to activate a neuron
threshold stimulus
impulse that goes to the spinal cord and directly back to the body, does not go to the brain
reflex
react to stimuli (ex- light, touch, smell, taste)
sensory receptors
What are the five types of receptors?
1) pain- damaged cells
2) thermoreceptors- temperature
3) mechanoreceptors- sound, touch, motion, pressure
4) chemoreceptors- chemicals
5) photoreceptors- light
window to the eye, clear front covering
cornea
fluid in front chamber of the eye
Aqueous humor
colored part of the eye
iris
opening in the iris that allows light to get to the retina
pupil
focuses the light onto the retina
lens
fluid in the back of the eye
vitreous humor
area of nerve cells on the back of the eye
retina
light sensitive in the retina
rods
color sensitive in the retina
cones
white part of the eye, blood vessels are here
Sclera
connects the eye to the occipital lobe of the brain
optic nerve
What are the two functions of the ears?
1) hearing
2) balance
ear canal
auditory canal
ear drum
tympanum
What are the three ear bones?
1) hammer
2) anvil
3) stirrup
connects stirrup to the cochlea and transmits vibrations
oval window
fluid filled chamber with hairs in it that sense vibration and pass information to the cochlear nerve
Cochlea
is controlled by the semicircular canals in the ear, fluid filled chambers that detect where a persons body position is
Balance
what controls the sense of smell in the nose?
chemoreceptors
What controls the sense of taste?
the sense of smell
What 4 flavors do taste buds determine?
1) salty
2) sweet
3) bitter
4) sour
a disease of the brain that causes memory loss
Alzheimer’s
lose ability to speak
aphasia
inability to focus
Attention deficit disorder
hyperfocus
autism
temporary paralysis of the face
bells palsy
brain damage due to lack of oxygen
cerebral palsy
pryon- causes brain to turn into swiss cheese
Cruetzfeldt Jakob Disease
swelling of the brain
Encephalitis
repeated seizures
Epilepsy
genetic, progressive, loss of cognitive and behavioral and physical function
Huntington’s disease
cerebral spinal fluid gets too big
hydrocephalus
decrease in dopamine in the brain, causes tremors
Parkinson’s disease
involuntary actions, typically outbursts
Tourettes
