Urinary System

Question 1

3 functions of the urinary system:

Answer 1

1) Excretion
2) Elimination
3) homeostatic regulation of blood plasma and solute concentration

Question 2

5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System:

Answer 2

1) Regulates blood volume and blood pressure
2) Regulates plasma ion concentrations
3) helps stabilize pH
4) Conserves valuable nutrients
5) Assists liver in detoxifying poisons

Question 3

Where is the external urethral sphincter located?

Answer 3

In the urogenital diaphragm

Question 4

What is the muscle contained in the muscularis layer of the bladder?

Answer 4

Detrusor muscle

Question 5

3 regions of male urethra:

Answer 5

1) Prostatic
2) Membranous
3) Spongy

Question 6

Another word for peeing?

Answer 6

Micturition

Question 7

External Urethral Sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 7

Its under voluntary control

Question 8

How much blood flow through the kidneys?

Answer 8

1200 ml per minute

Question 9

From where does the kidney receive blood from?

Answer 9

Renal Artery

Question 10

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 10

The nephron

Question 11

What branches from the cortical radiant arteries and delivers blood to the glomerulus?

Answer 11

Afferent Arterioles

Question 12

What two things make up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 12

Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

Question 13

Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

Answer 13

The renal corpuscle.

Question 14

What receives fluid from many different nephrons, begins in the renal cortex, and carries fluid to the papillary duct?

Answer 14

The Collecting Duct

Question 15

What kind of nephrons are responsible for most of the kidney’s filtration, and are 85% of all nephrons?

Answer 15

Cortical Nephron

Question 16

Which kind of nephron has a large descending loop of Henle that descends all the way into the medulla and in which the peritubular capillaries connect to the vasa recta?

Answer 16

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Question 17

What’s another name for visceral epithelium cells and what are contained in them?

Answer 17

Podocytes: Pedicles (Little Feet) and Filtration Slits (the finest filters)

Question 18

What are excluded in the passive filtration process in the glomerulus?

Answer 18

Larger solutes, such as plasma proteins

Question 19

What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate?

Answer 19

125 mL/min, makes 180 liters of filtrate a day

Question 20

How does the autoregulation of the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) work?

Answer 20

regulates pressure by changing the diameter of the efferent and afferent arterioles and the glomerular capillaries

Question 21

How do you increase GFR filtration?

Answer 21

Dilation of afferent arteriole and glomerullar capillaries, and constriction of the efferent arteriole

Question 22

What are the 3 stimuli that cause JGA to release renin?

Answer 22

1) decreased blood pressure at glomerulus
2) sympathetic innervation of juxtaglomerular cells
3) decreased osmotic concentration at the distal convoluted tubule

Question 23

What converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I?

Answer 23

Renin

Question 24

What converts Angeiotensin I to Angiotensin II?

Answer 24

ACE (angiotensin-converting-enzyme)

Question 25

What are the 5 functions of Angiotensin II?

Answer 25

1) Constricts efferent arterioles of nephron / elevates glomerular pressures and filtration rates 2) reabsorption of Na+ at PCT 3) Stimulates secretion of aldosterone which increases absorption of Na+ in DCT 4) Stimulates thirst 5) triggers release of ADH which stimulates reabsorption of water in DCT

Question 26

What do the Natriuretic Peptides do?

Answer 26

trigger dilation of afferent and constriction of efferent arterioles. Elevates glomerular pressures and increases GFR Decreases reabsorption of Na+

Question 27

Where does most reabsorption take place?

Answer 27

Proximal Convoluted Tubule >65%

Question 28

The thin descending loop of Henle is permeable to what?

Answer 28

Water, not solutes

Question 29

What does the thick ascending Loop of Henle do?

Answer 29

actively absorbs Na+ and Cl, not water or solutes

Question 30

What is the process called that occurs between the thick and thin loops of Henle involving reabsorption exchange of water and absorption of 2/3 of Na+ & Cl?

Answer 30

Countercurrent multiplication

Question 31

What happens in countercurrent multiplication concerning ions?

Answer 31

Ion concentration in tubular fluid declines

Question 32

Main function of DCT?

Answer 32

Selective reabsorption or absorption, making final adjustments in solute concentration and volume of tubular fluid

Question 33

What is the hormone Aldosterone?

Answer 33

Stimulates synthesis and incorporation of Na+ in the permeable membrane of the DCT and collective duct; reduces sodium lost in urine and retains sodium in blood

Question 34

What controls volume of water along the DCT and collective duct?

Answer 34

Facultative Water Reabsorption

Question 35

What is the hormone that causes special water channels to appear in the DCT and collective duct?

Answer 35

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 36

What continuously produces at least a small amount ADH?

Answer 36

Hypothalmus

Question 37

Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 37

Voluntary