Respiration Flashcards
Two functional organization of respiratory:
Conducting portion: nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
What does the mucous escalator do?
Using cilia, it sweeps debris trapped in mucus toward the pharynx to be swallowed
Where is the olfactory region?
Superior portion of nasal cavity
Function of the Meatuses:
Warms and humidifies incoming air and traps particles
Breathing through mouth bypasses this
3 cartilages in larynx:
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Function of the epiglottis:
Prevents entry of food and liquid into respiratory tract
What makes sound waves?
Air passing through the glottis and vibrates vocal cords
How many terminal bronchioles are in one tertiary bronchus?
6500
Where does gas exchange take place?
Respiratory bronchioles
Bronchial vs pulmonary arteries:
Pulmonary supplies deoxygenated blood pumped from right ventricle.
Bronchial supplies oxygenated blood pumped from left ventricle.
What is surfactant and what does it do?
An oily secretion, coats alveolar surface and reduces surface tension.
External respiration:
All processes involved in exchanging O2 and CO2 with the environment
Internal Respiration:
Cellular respiration: uptake of O2 and production of CO2 within individual cells
What does pulmonary ventilation rely upon?
On pressure differences between lungs and atmosphere
Intrapleural pressure:
Pressure in pleural cavity. Remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle.
Inhalation vs Exhalation:
Inhalation is always active
Exhalation is passive
Two mechanics of relaxed breathing:
Diaphragm: 75% of normal air movement
External intercostal muscles: 25%
Respiratory rate:
Number of breaths per minute
Tidal volume:
Volume of air moved per breath
Composition of air:
78% nitrogen
20% oxygen
Solubility of CO2, O2, and N2
CO2>O2>N2
Efficiency of gas exchange is due to:
1) Differences in partial pressure
2) distances involved in gas exchange are short
3) O2 and CO2 are lipid soluble
4) Large surface area
5) Blood and airflow are coordinated
Pulmonary vein brings blood:
To the heart
Pulmonary artery brings blood:
From the heart
