Chapter 7: The Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body?
206 bones.
80 axial.
126 appendicular.
The Skull protects…
Brain.
Entrances to respiratory system.
Etrance to digestive system.
3 things about sinuses:
Cavities that decrease the weight of the skull.
Lined with mucous membranes.
Protect the entrances of the respiratory system.
4 major sinuses:
Frontal.
Sphenoid.
Ethmoid.
Maxillary.
4 major sutures in the skull:
Lambdoid.
Sagittal.
Squamous.
Coronal.
Facts about fontanelles:
Grows rapidly. Is large compared to baby's body. Has many ossification centers. Fusion is not complete at birth. Finally close at two years of age. Made of fibrous connective tissue. Allows skull to flex during birth, and for continued brain growth.
4 Curves of the vertebral column:
Cervical.
Thoracic.
Lumbar.
Sacral.
Thoracic and sacral curves are:
Primary curves:
Present during fetal development.
Accommodation curves:
They accommodate internal organs.
Lumbar and Cervical curves:
Secondary curves:
Appear after birth
Compensation Curves:
Shift body weight for upright posture
Structure of Vertebrae:
Vertebral body:
Transfers sleight along spine
Vertebral arch:
Posterior margin of vertebral foramen
What are pedicles?
Walls of the vertebral arch
What are laminae?
Roof of the vertebral arch.
What is the spinous process?
Projection where the laminae fuse.
What is the transverse process?
Projection where laminae join pedicles.
Where are the articular processes located?
Between the spinous and the transverse processes.
How to identify cervical vertebrae?
Has a small body A large vertebral foramen Has costal processes, with transfers foramen which protects veins and arteries Short, notched spinous processes C1-C7
What is the ligamentum nuchae?
An elastic ligament that extends from C7 to the skull.
What are the vertebrae prominens?
Starts on C7, transitions to thoracic vertebrae.
How to identify thoracic vertebrae?
Smaller vertebral foramen. Heart-shaped bodies. Articulate with heads of ribs. Long slender spinous processes. T1-T12
How to identify lumbar vertebrae?
Largest vertebrae.
Triangular vertebral foramen.
L1-L5.
4 regions of the sacrum:
Base.
Ala.
Sacral promontory.
Apex.
What makes up the thoracic cage?
Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.
2 types of ribs:
True ribs: ribs 1-7, connects directly to sternum through costal cartilage.
False ribs: ribs 8-12, does not attach to sternum.
Ribs 8-10 are vertebrochondral ribs and they fuse together.
Ribs 11-12 are floating ribs and connect only to vertebrae.
4 parts of a rib:
Head: attached to vertebrae
Neck: between head and tubercle.
Tubercle: small dorsal elevation, at T1-T10 only
Tubercular body: shaft.
3 parts of the sternum:
Mubrium.
Sternum body.
Xiphoid process.
What is the pelvis made up of?
3 coxal bones: Ilium Ischium Pubis \+Sacrum \+Coccyx
