Chapter 8: Joints & Movements

Question 1

Articulations:

Answer 1

Joints where 2 bones connect.

Question 2

If joint strength is strong then :

Answer 2

Mobility is weak

and vice versa

Question 3

3 functional classes of joints:

Answer 3

1) Synarthrosis
2) Amphiarthrosis
3) Diarthrosis (Synovial)

Question 4

Synarthroses Joints

Answer 4

Strong, immovable joints
4 kinds:
1) Sutures
2) Gomphosis: binds teeth to sockets
3) Synchondrosis: Epiphyseal cartilage of long bones
4) Synotosis: fused, Epiphyseal line of long bones

Question 5

Amphiarthroses Joints

Answer 5

Slightly moveable joint
2 kinds:
1) Syndesmosis: bones connected by ligaments
2) Symphysis: bones separated by fibrous cartilage

Question 6

Diarthrosis Joints are:

Answer 6

Synovial joints = movable

Question 7

What makes up a synovial joint?

Answer 7

• articular cartilages
• synovial fluid
• meniscus
• fat pads
• tendons
• ligaments
• bursae: pockets of synovial fluid

Question 8

What factors stabilize synovial joints?

Answer 8

Collagen Fibers, articulating surfaces and menisci, other bones, muscles or fat pads, tendons and muscles of articulating bones

Question 9

Adduction:

Answer 9

Moving closer to body.

Question 10

Abduction:

Answer 10

Move away from the body.

Question 11

Circumduction:

Answer 11

circular motion without rotation.

Question 12

How are bones supported?

Answer 12

by muscles and ligaments, NOT bone to bone connections

Question 13

what kind of joints are located in Intervertebral discs?

Answer 13

Amphiarthrotic, Symphyseal joints

Question 14

What is the tough, outer layer of the disc that attaches it to the vertebrae?

Answer 14

Annulus fibrosus

Question 15

What is the name of the gelatinous core that absorbs shock in a Intervertebral disc?

Answer 15

Nucleus pulposus

Question 16

What is a slipped disc?

Answer 16

a bulge in the anulus fibrosis.

Question 17

What is a herniated disc?

Answer 17

When the nucleolus pulposus leaks out of the anulus fibrosus and presses on spinal cord or nerves.

Question 18

Shoulder Joint:

Answer 18

Allows more motion than any other joint, but weak.
Supported by skeletal muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Ball and socket diarthrosis.

Question 19

Which two joints are located in the elbow?

Answer 19

Stable hinge joint. 
Humero radial joint (lateral).
Humerounla joint (medial).

Question 20

The Hip joint:

Answer 20

Wide range of motion.

Ball and socket diarthrosis.

Question 21

The knee Joint:

Answer 21

Hinge joint.
Articulations:
2 between the femur and tibia.
1 between patella and femur.

Question 22

What are the medial and the lateral menisci pads in knee joints made out of?

Answer 22

Fibrous cartilage pads

Question 23

4 important ligaments of the knee joint:

Answer 23

Anterior cruciate ligament.
Posterior cruciate ligament.
Fibular collateral ligament.
Tibial collateral ligament.

Question 24

3 things synovial fluid does:

Answer 24

1) lubricate cavity 2) distribute nutrients 3) absorb shock