Chapter 8: Joints & Movements Flashcards
Articulations:
Joints where 2 bones connect.
If joint strength is strong then :
Mobility is weak
and vice versa
3 functional classes of joints:
1) Synarthrosis
2) Amphiarthrosis
3) Diarthrosis (Synovial)
Synarthroses Joints
Strong, immovable joints
4 kinds:
1) Sutures
2) Gomphosis: binds teeth to sockets
3) Synchondrosis: Epiphyseal cartilage of long bones
4) Synotosis: fused, Epiphyseal line of long bones
Amphiarthroses Joints
Slightly moveable joint
2 kinds:
1) Syndesmosis: bones connected by ligaments
2) Symphysis: bones separated by fibrous cartilage
Diarthrosis Joints are:
Synovial joints = movable
What makes up a synovial joint?
- articular cartilages
- synovial fluid
- meniscus
- fat pads
- tendons
- ligaments
- bursae: pockets of synovial fluid
What factors stabilize synovial joints?
Collagen Fibers, articulating surfaces and menisci, other bones, muscles or fat pads, tendons and muscles of articulating bones
Adduction:
Moving closer to body.
Abduction:
Move away from the body.
Circumduction:
circular motion without rotation.
How are bones supported?
by muscles and ligaments, NOT bone to bone connections
what kind of joints are located in Intervertebral discs?
Amphiarthrotic, Symphyseal joints
What is the tough, outer layer of the disc that attaches it to the vertebrae?
Annulus fibrosus
What is the name of the gelatinous core that absorbs shock in a Intervertebral disc?
Nucleus pulposus
What is a slipped disc?
a bulge in the anulus fibrosis.
What is a herniated disc?
When the nucleolus pulposus leaks out of the anulus fibrosus and presses on spinal cord or nerves.
Shoulder Joint:
Allows more motion than any other joint, but weak.
Supported by skeletal muscles, tendons and ligaments.
Ball and socket diarthrosis.
Which two joints are located in the elbow?
Stable hinge joint. Humero radial joint (lateral). Humerounla joint (medial).
The Hip joint:
Wide range of motion.
Ball and socket diarthrosis.
The knee Joint:
Hinge joint.
Articulations:
2 between the femur and tibia.
1 between patella and femur.
What are the medial and the lateral menisci pads in knee joints made out of?
Fibrous cartilage pads
4 important ligaments of the knee joint:
Anterior cruciate ligament.
Posterior cruciate ligament.
Fibular collateral ligament.
Tibial collateral ligament.
3 things synovial fluid does:
1) lubricate cavity 2) distribute nutrients 3) absorb shock
