Urinary system Flashcards
Posterior pituitary hormone and ADH
Decreased fluid intake or increased concentration of solutes
More water is absorbed, less urine is excreted
Adrenal cortex and aldosterone release
Sodium and h2o is reabsorbed in greater quantities and the blood volume and urine output decreases
Bladder capacity
300-600mL
Amount of urine
200-1500mL
50mL per hour
30mL per hour (minimum)
specific gravity
1.005-1.025
concentrated urine have an increased specific gravity
not concentrated urine has a decreased specific gravity
Infants
void up to 20 times a day
School age
void 6-8 times a day
Elderly
decreased filtration and urinary urgency
Oliguria
abnormal amounts of urine related to kidney issues
transient incontinence
less than 6mos usually irreversible
ketones
are due to a break down of fatty acids, normally not present
urine osmolality
measures solutes and concentration
causes of transient incontinence
Delirium Infection Atrophic urethritis Pharmcueticals Psychologic Excessive urine output Restricted Mobility Stool impaction
pH of urine
6.5-8.0
stress incontinence
involuntary emission of urine when pressure within the abdomen increases suddenly, as in coughing or jumping
urge incontinence
when you do not feel the need to urinate untill it is so urgent that you cannot wait (if you need to wait for someone to go to the bathroom this can be an issue)
Reflex incontinence
in which uncontrollable urination can be accompanied by a complete lack of urge to urinate. This is most often caused by a problem in the central nervous system.
overflow incontinence
Overflow incontinence is when the bladder is unable to empty properly and frequent leakage of small amounts of urine occurs as a result
functional incontinence
one or more physical or mental reasons they are unable to get to a bathroom. The loss of urine can vary, from small leakages to full emptying of the bladder.
Neurogenic bladder
spontaneous nerve impulses to the bladder that causes the person to urinate
Anticholinergic drugs
Anticholinergics inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc
Antispasmodic drugs
prevent muscle spasms
Pyridium
turns pee bright red/orange
