Urinary system

Question 1

Posterior pituitary hormone and ADH

Answer 1

Decreased fluid intake or increased concentration of solutes
More water is absorbed, less urine is excreted

Question 2

Adrenal cortex and aldosterone release

Answer 2

Sodium and h2o is reabsorbed in greater quantities and the blood volume and urine output decreases

Question 3

Bladder capacity

Answer 3

300-600mL

Question 4

Amount of urine

Answer 4

200-1500mL
50mL per hour
30mL per hour (minimum)

Question 5

specific gravity

Answer 5

1.005-1.025
concentrated urine have an increased specific gravity
not concentrated urine has a decreased specific gravity

Question 6

Infants

Answer 6

void up to 20 times a day

Question 7

School age

Answer 7

void 6-8 times a day

Question 8

Elderly

Answer 8

decreased filtration and urinary urgency

Question 9

Oliguria

Answer 9

abnormal amounts of urine related to kidney issues

Question 10

transient incontinence

Answer 10

less than 6mos usually irreversible

Question 11

ketones

Answer 11

are due to a break down of fatty acids, normally not present

Question 12

urine osmolality

Answer 12

measures solutes and concentration

Question 13

causes of transient incontinence

Answer 13

Delirium 
Infection 
Atrophic urethritis 
Pharmcueticals 
Psychologic 
Excessive urine output 
Restricted Mobility 
Stool impaction

Question 14

pH of urine

Answer 14

6.5-8.0

Question 15

stress incontinence

Answer 15

involuntary emission of urine when pressure within the abdomen increases suddenly, as in coughing or jumping

Question 16

urge incontinence

Answer 16

when you do not feel the need to urinate untill it is so urgent that you cannot wait (if you need to wait for someone to go to the bathroom this can be an issue)

Question 17

Reflex incontinence

Answer 17

in which uncontrollable urination can be accompanied by a complete lack of urge to urinate. This is most often caused by a problem in the central nervous system.

Question 18

overflow incontinence

Answer 18

Overflow incontinence is when the bladder is unable to empty properly and frequent leakage of small amounts of urine occurs as a result

Question 19

functional incontinence

Answer 19

one or more physical or mental reasons they are unable to get to a bathroom. The loss of urine can vary, from small leakages to full emptying of the bladder.

Question 20

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 20

spontaneous nerve impulses to the bladder that causes the person to urinate

Question 21

Anticholinergic drugs

Answer 21

Anticholinergics inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, etc

Question 22

Antispasmodic drugs

Answer 22

prevent muscle spasms

Question 23

Pyridium

Answer 23

turns pee bright red/orange