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Health Promotion > immune system > Flashcards

immune system Flashcards

1
Q

WHO

A

World health organization international

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2
Q

CDC

A

national regulatory agency

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3
Q

disease

A

alteration of normal tissue

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4
Q

communicable

A

readily transmitted

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5
Q

pathogenicity

A

pathogen able to produce a disease “true pathogen”

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6
Q

bacteremia

A

bacteria in blood

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7
Q

septicemia

A

infection in blood

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8
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

are acquired by patients while in health care facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Nosocomial diseases are among some of the most common and costly medical problems today, accounting for ~90,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.

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9
Q

Exogenous nosocomial infections

A

are the result of pathogens being spread by patients as they are shed from various portals of exit while the patients are in the health care facility.

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10
Q

Endogenous nosocomial infection

A

are the result of opportunistic pathogens already present in or on the body of the patient and brought on by conditions present at or the direct result of activities at the health care facility.

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11
Q

Iatrogenic nosocomial infections

A

are spread by health care workers, generally as the result improper sanitary conditions, failure to follow universal precautions, or contaminated invasive surgical or patient care equipment.

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12
Q

Links in the chain of infection

A

etiological agent-> reservoir (source of microbes)-> portal of exit from resivour-> mode of transmissions (direct or indirect)->portal of entry-> compromised host

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13
Q

course of infection

A

incubation-> prodromal -> illness -> decline -> convalescence

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14
Q

nonspecific/1st line of defense

A

skin and intact mucus membranes

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15
Q

nonspecific/2nd line of defense

A

a local or non specific inflammatory response

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16
Q

stage 1 of inflammatory response

A

constriction and dilation of blood vessels, leads to hyperemia, bone marrow increases production of WBC

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17
Q

stage 2 of inflammatory response

A

exudate phase consists of fluids from dead phagocytes, and dead tissue.

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18
Q

stage 3 inflammatory response

A

repaired tissue injury by regeneration and granulation

19
Q

immunoglobulins are produced by ____ and defend against ____ and _____

A

B lymphocytes

extracellular bacterial and viral infection

20
Q

active immunity

A

host produces antibodies in response to antigens

21
Q

naturally acquired antigens

A

infectious organisms

22
Q

artificially acquired antigens

A

vaccines

23
Q

natural/passive sources

A

breast milk

24
Q

artificial/passive sources

A

injections of gammuglobin

25
Q

helper T cells

A

enhance the production of T cells and mobilizes macrophages

26
Q

cytotoxic T cells

A

killer cells

27
Q

suppressor T cells

A

stop processes and closes the immune respones

28
Q

antiseptics

A

clean skin/disinfect skin

29
Q

disinfectant

A

disinfects inanimate objects

30
Q

tier 1 of precautions

A

universal precautions

31
Q

tier 2 of precautions

A

airborne
droplet
contact

32
Q

airborne precautions

A 
negative pressure room 
mask 
gloves
hand hygene
door stays shut
33
Q

droplet/contact precautions

A 
fluid resistant mask 
gown 
gloves 
hand hygene
visitors: visit nurse station before entering the room
34
Q

OSHA

A
  • puncture wounds
  • skin contact
  • mucous membrane contact
35
Q

NIOSH

A

part of CDC conducts research about preventing work place related injury

36
Q

Live attenuated viruses

A

derived from virus and bacteria in a lab, such a little amount it triggers a response but does not cause an illness (it still can sometimes- but rare)

37
Q

Inactivated vaccines

A

an organism heated to be deactivated is added to the body and cannot replicate and cause any illness

38
Q

toxoids

A

a chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine.

39
Q

antineoplastics

A

chemotherapy

40
Q

roseola

A

herpes virus causes roseola, causes several days of a rash and fever

41
Q

scarlet fever

A

causes by strep throat infection, common in children until 5-15

42
Q

erythrema infectiosum

A

a mildy fever in school children rare in infants and children

43
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A

a bacterial infection spread by a tick, can usually cause serious damage to internal organs, kidneys,and heart

Health Promotion (14 decks)

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