immune system

Question 1

WHO

Answer 1

World health organization international

Question 2

CDC

Answer 2

national regulatory agency

Question 3

disease

Answer 3

alteration of normal tissue

Question 4

communicable

Answer 4

readily transmitted

Question 5

pathogenicity

Answer 5

pathogen able to produce a disease “true pathogen”

Question 6

bacteremia

Answer 6

bacteria in blood

Question 7

septicemia

Answer 7

infection in blood

Question 8

Nosocomial infections

Answer 8

are acquired by patients while in health care facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Nosocomial diseases are among some of the most common and costly medical problems today, accounting for ~90,000 deaths annually in the United States alone.

Question 9

Exogenous nosocomial infections

Answer 9

are the result of pathogens being spread by patients as they are shed from various portals of exit while the patients are in the health care facility.

Question 10

Endogenous nosocomial infection

Answer 10

are the result of opportunistic pathogens already present in or on the body of the patient and brought on by conditions present at or the direct result of activities at the health care facility.

Question 11

Iatrogenic nosocomial infections

Answer 11

are spread by health care workers, generally as the result improper sanitary conditions, failure to follow universal precautions, or contaminated invasive surgical or patient care equipment.

Question 12

Links in the chain of infection

Answer 12

etiological agent-> reservoir (source of microbes)-> portal of exit from resivour-> mode of transmissions (direct or indirect)->portal of entry-> compromised host

Question 13

course of infection

Answer 13

incubation-> prodromal -> illness -> decline -> convalescence

Question 14

nonspecific/1st line of defense

Answer 14

skin and intact mucus membranes

Question 15

nonspecific/2nd line of defense

Answer 15

a local or non specific inflammatory response

Question 16

stage 1 of inflammatory response

Answer 16

constriction and dilation of blood vessels, leads to hyperemia, bone marrow increases production of WBC

Question 17

stage 2 of inflammatory response

Answer 17

exudate phase consists of fluids from dead phagocytes, and dead tissue.

Question 18

stage 3 inflammatory response

Answer 18

repaired tissue injury by regeneration and granulation

Question 19

immunoglobulins are produced by ____ and defend against ____ and _____

Answer 19

B lymphocytes

extracellular bacterial and viral infection

Question 20

active immunity

Answer 20

host produces antibodies in response to antigens

Question 21

naturally acquired antigens

Answer 21

infectious organisms

Question 22

artificially acquired antigens

Answer 22

vaccines

Question 23

natural/passive sources

Answer 23

breast milk

Question 24

artificial/passive sources

Answer 24

injections of gammuglobin

Question 25

helper T cells

Answer 25

enhance the production of T cells and mobilizes macrophages

Question 26

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 26

killer cells

Question 27

suppressor T cells

Answer 27

stop processes and closes the immune respones

Question 28

antiseptics

Answer 28

clean skin/disinfect skin

Question 29

disinfectant

Answer 29

disinfects inanimate objects

Question 30

tier 1 of precautions

Answer 30

universal precautions

Question 31

tier 2 of precautions

Answer 31

airborne droplet contact

Question 32

airborne precautions

Answer 32

``` negative pressure room mask gloves hand hygene door stays shut ```

Question 33

droplet/contact precautions

Answer 33

``` fluid resistant mask gown gloves hand hygene visitors: visit nurse station before entering the room ```

Question 34

OSHA

Answer 34

- puncture wounds - skin contact - mucous membrane contact

Question 35

NIOSH

Answer 35

part of CDC conducts research about preventing work place related injury

Question 36

Live attenuated viruses

Answer 36

derived from virus and bacteria in a lab, such a little amount it triggers a response but does not cause an illness (it still can sometimes- but rare)

Question 37

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 37

an organism heated to be deactivated is added to the body and cannot replicate and cause any illness

Question 38

toxoids

Answer 38

a chemically modified toxin from a pathogenic microorganism, which is no longer toxic but is still antigenic and can be used as a vaccine.

Question 39

antineoplastics

Answer 39

chemotherapy

Question 40

roseola

Answer 40

herpes virus causes roseola, causes several days of a rash and fever

Question 41

scarlet fever

Answer 41

causes by strep throat infection, common in children until 5-15

Question 42

erythrema infectiosum

Answer 42

a mildy fever in school children rare in infants and children

Question 43

rocky mountain spotted fever

Answer 43

a bacterial infection spread by a tick, can usually cause serious damage to internal organs, kidneys,and heart