Urinary System

Question 1

Which parts of the kidney lie in the medulla?

Answer 1

Straight part of proximal and distal tubules, loop of henle, distal part of collecting duct

Question 2

Which parts of the kidney lie in the cortex?

Answer 2

Convoluted parts of proximal and distal tubules, glomerulus, proximal part of collecting duct

Question 3

Name structure that transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.

Answer 3

Ureter

Question 4

Name structure that transports urine from urinary bladder to the exterior.

Answer 4

Urethra

Question 5

From where does the renal artery arise?

Answer 5

Directly from the abdominal aorta.

Question 6

Basic function of erythropoietin

Answer 6

Control of red cell production.

Question 7

Basic function of renin

Answer 7

Regulation of water/salt concentration.

Question 8

Where do renal vein and artery enter and leave the kidney?

Answer 8

Hilum

Question 9

Which arteries penetrate the cortex at regular intervals and divide it into lobules?

Answer 9

Interlobular

Question 10

where are podocytes located?

Answer 10

wrapped around glomerular capillaries in bowman’s capsule

Question 11

where are renin producing cells located?

Answer 11

in the wall of the afferent arteriole

Question 12

Describe structures that make up the filtration barrier in bowman’s capsule.

Answer 12

Fenestrated endothelial cells of the capillary
Basement membrane
Podocytes (epithelial cells) that ensheath capillaries - and their foot processes

Question 13

What is reabsorbed in the PCT and how?

Answer 13

Sodium and glucose by active transport
(Probably amino acids in the same way)
Water by osmosis (Na+)

Question 14

What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Answer 14

Chloride and Sodium

Question 15

Reabsorption in the ascending limb results in what sort of filtrate ?

Answer 15

dilute/hypotonic

Question 16

Under the influence of what is Na+ reabsorbed in the DCT?

Answer 16

aldosterone

Question 17

What is reabsorbed in the DCT?

Answer 17

Na+

bicarbonate ions

Question 18

What is excreted from the blood into the filtrate in the DCT?

Answer 18

K+

H+

Question 19

In what state does reabsorption and excretion in the DCT leave the filtrate?

Answer 19

acidic

Question 20

Describe the state of the fluid around the collecting duct as a result of loop of Henle reabsorption.

Answer 20

hypertonic

Question 21

What effect does ADH have on the collecting duct?

Answer 21

Increases permeability of the collecting duct cells.

Question 22

Renin catalyses the conversion of…

Answer 22

Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 23

Aldosterone is released by the…

Answer 23

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Question 24

Describe epithelium of renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and most of urethra.

Answer 24

Pseudo-stratified epithelium (urothelium)

Question 25

What surrounds the epithelial tube of the ureter?

Answer 25

Two helical layers of smooth muscle.

Question 26

Name the 3 points of constriction in the ureter.

Answer 26

1. at its origin in pelvis of the kidney
2. as it passes into the pelvis anterior to the sacro-iliac joint
3. as it enters postero-inferior surface of the bladder

Question 27

What is the external meatus?

Answer 27

Opening where urine leaves the urethra.

Question 28

Name the divisions of the male urethra.

Answer 28

Prostatic
Membranous
Penile

Question 29

Describe the epithelium of the female urethra

Answer 29

Stratified squamous

Punctuated by areas of mucous glands

Question 30

describe epithelium of collecting ducts

Answer 30

cuboidal

Question 31

descending limb of loop of henle is structurally similar to…

Answer 31

PCT

Question 32

ascending limb of loop of henle is structurally similar to…

Answer 32

DCT

Question 33

At what point does the seminal vesicle drain into the urethra

Answer 33

in the PROSTATIC urethra