Urinary System Flashcards
Which parts of the kidney lie in the medulla?
Straight part of proximal and distal tubules, loop of henle, distal part of collecting duct
Which parts of the kidney lie in the cortex?
Convoluted parts of proximal and distal tubules, glomerulus, proximal part of collecting duct
Name structure that transports urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.
Ureter
Name structure that transports urine from urinary bladder to the exterior.
Urethra
From where does the renal artery arise?
Directly from the abdominal aorta.
Basic function of erythropoietin
Control of red cell production.
Basic function of renin
Regulation of water/salt concentration.
Where do renal vein and artery enter and leave the kidney?
Hilum
Which arteries penetrate the cortex at regular intervals and divide it into lobules?
Interlobular
where are podocytes located?
wrapped around glomerular capillaries in bowman’s capsule
where are renin producing cells located?
in the wall of the afferent arteriole
Describe structures that make up the filtration barrier in bowman’s capsule.
Fenestrated endothelial cells of the capillary
Basement membrane
Podocytes (epithelial cells) that ensheath capillaries - and their foot processes
What is reabsorbed in the PCT and how?
Sodium and glucose by active transport
(Probably amino acids in the same way)
Water by osmosis (Na+)
What is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Chloride and Sodium
Reabsorption in the ascending limb results in what sort of filtrate ?
dilute/hypotonic
Under the influence of what is Na+ reabsorbed in the DCT?
aldosterone
What is reabsorbed in the DCT?
Na+
bicarbonate ions
What is excreted from the blood into the filtrate in the DCT?
K+
H+
In what state does reabsorption and excretion in the DCT leave the filtrate?
acidic
Describe the state of the fluid around the collecting duct as a result of loop of Henle reabsorption.
hypertonic
What effect does ADH have on the collecting duct?
Increases permeability of the collecting duct cells.
Renin catalyses the conversion of…
Angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Aldosterone is released by the…
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Describe epithelium of renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and most of urethra.
Pseudo-stratified epithelium (urothelium)
What surrounds the epithelial tube of the ureter?
Two helical layers of smooth muscle.
Name the 3 points of constriction in the ureter.
- at its origin in pelvis of the kidney
- as it passes into the pelvis anterior to the sacro-iliac joint
- as it enters postero-inferior surface of the bladder
What is the external meatus?
Opening where urine leaves the urethra.
Name the divisions of the male urethra.
Prostatic
Membranous
Penile
Describe the epithelium of the female urethra
Stratified squamous
Punctuated by areas of mucous glands
describe epithelium of collecting ducts
cuboidal
descending limb of loop of henle is structurally similar to…
PCT
ascending limb of loop of henle is structurally similar to…
DCT
At what point does the seminal vesicle drain into the urethra
in the PROSTATIC urethra
