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Grace Phase 1 > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

where is the cubital fossa located?

A

the inner elbow/forearm

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2
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

pectoralis major muscle

pectoralis minor muscle

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3
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

subscapularis muscle
teres major
latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

what forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

ribs/intercostal spaces (thoracic wall)

serratus anterior

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5
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
coracobrachialis muscle
long head of the biceps

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6
Q

where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?

A

originates from ribs

inserts in scapula

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7
Q

what does the axillary sheath surround?

A

neuromuscular bundle

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8
Q

where does the brachial plexus originate from?

A

5 roots in the neck: C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

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9
Q

from which spinal nerve/s does the upper trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

A

C5 and C6

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10
Q

from which spinal nerve/s does the middle trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

A

C7

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11
Q

from which spinal nerve/s does the lower trunk of the brachial plexus originate?

A

C8 and T1

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12
Q

branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

musculocutaneous nerve
the lateral branch to the median nerve
lateral pectoral nerve

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13
Q

branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A 
medial pectoral nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
ulnar nerve
medial branch to the median nerve
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14
Q

branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A 
lower subscapula nerve
upper subscapula nerve
axillary (circumflex) nerve
thoracodorsal nerve
radial nerve
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15
Q

where does the subclavian artery branch from

A

the arch of the aorta

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16
Q

what 2 names are given to the subclavian artery as it travels down the arm?

A

axillary artery

brachial artery

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17
Q

where does the brachial artery branch?

name the 2 branches.

A

cubital fossa

ulna artery and radial artery

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18
Q

where does the pectoralis minor muscle insert?

A

corocoid process

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19
Q

where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?

A

humerus

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20
Q

name 3 muscles that are attached to the corocoid process.

A

pectoralis minor
coracobrachialis
short head of the biceps

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21
Q

which head of the biceps muscle is lateral?

A

long head

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22
Q

name the 3 groups of axillary lymph nodes

A

lateral
posterior
central

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23
Q

name the rotation which results in the palm facing forwards

A

supination

24
Q

name the deep veins of the forearm

A

ulna vein
radial vein
brachial vein

25
Q

name the 3 main superficial veins of the forearm

A

cephalic
median cubital
basilic

26
Q

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

27
Q

what is the function of the subscapularis muscle?

A

medial rotation of the humerus

28
Q

what is the opposite action to supination?

A

pronation

29
Q

name the 8 carpal bones

A 
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
30
Q

which bone of the forearm takes part in the wrist joint?

A

radius

31
Q

extensors of the forearm supplied by the…

A

radial nerve

32
Q

flexors of the forearm supplied by the…

A

ulnar nerve

33
Q

name the membrane between the radius and ulna

A

interosseous membrane

34
Q

The common interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar nerve) branches into…

A

Posterior interosseous artery

Anterior interosseous artery

35
Q

Name the gap between the carpal bones and the deep carpal fascia at the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel

36
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendons of the flexor muscles

Median nerve

37
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

38
Q

which 3 nerves give sensation to the hands and fingers?

A

median nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve

39
Q

what are the branches of the ulnar, radial and median nerves called that supply the fingers

A

digital nerves

40
Q

which of the 3 nerves supplying the hand does not go through the carpal tunnel, but passes in front of the membrane?

A

ulnar nerve

41
Q

branches of which nerve supply the palm, and do they go through the carpal tunnel?

A

branches of the median nerve

no - fibres pass above carpal tunnel

42
Q

name the action of the thumb touching the other fingers

A

opposition

43
Q

5 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
44
Q

what is the most abundant protein in the body and of the extracellular matrix?

A

collagen

45
Q

which type of collagen is found in skin, ligament, tendon, bone?

A

Type 1

46
Q

which type of collagen is found in cartilage and vitreous of the eye?

A

Type 2

47
Q

which type of collagen is found in skin and is important during wound healing?

A

Type 3

48
Q

3 collagen molecules come together to form what 3-stranded molecule?

A

tropocollagen

49
Q

what do osteoclasts do?

A

degrade bone

50
Q

what do osteoblasts do?

A

make bone

51
Q

Bone extracellular matrix is mostly comprised of…?

A

type I collagen and calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite

52
Q

what are integrins?

A

transmembrane proteins involved in the adhesion of cells to each other and to their substrate

53
Q

where abouts in the fibre do muscle fibre nuclei lie?

A

at the edge

54
Q

Between each muscle fibre is a specialised connective tissue called…

A

endomysium

55
Q

bundles of muscle fibres are bound together to form fasciculi by a sheath of connective tissue known as..

A

perimysium

56
Q

groups of fasciculi are bound together to form muscles by more connective tissue known as…

A

epimysium

Grace Phase 1 (11 decks)

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