MSK Flashcards
where is the cubital fossa located?
the inner elbow/forearm
what forms the anterior wall of the axilla?
pectoralis major muscle
pectoralis minor muscle
what forms the posterior wall of the axilla?
subscapularis muscle
teres major
latissimus dorsi
what forms the medial wall of the axilla?
ribs/intercostal spaces (thoracic wall)
serratus anterior
what forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
coracobrachialis muscle
long head of the biceps
where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?
originates from ribs
inserts in scapula
what does the axillary sheath surround?
neuromuscular bundle
where does the brachial plexus originate from?
5 roots in the neck: C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
from which spinal nerve/s does the upper trunk of the brachial plexus originate?
C5 and C6
from which spinal nerve/s does the middle trunk of the brachial plexus originate?
C7
from which spinal nerve/s does the lower trunk of the brachial plexus originate?
C8 and T1
branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous nerve
the lateral branch to the median nerve
lateral pectoral nerve
branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
medial pectoral nerve medial cutaneous nerve of the arm medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm ulnar nerve medial branch to the median nerve
branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
lower subscapula nerve upper subscapula nerve axillary (circumflex) nerve thoracodorsal nerve radial nerve
where does the subclavian artery branch from
the arch of the aorta
what 2 names are given to the subclavian artery as it travels down the arm?
axillary artery
brachial artery
where does the brachial artery branch?
name the 2 branches.
cubital fossa
ulna artery and radial artery
where does the pectoralis minor muscle insert?
corocoid process
where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?
humerus
name 3 muscles that are attached to the corocoid process.
pectoralis minor
coracobrachialis
short head of the biceps
which head of the biceps muscle is lateral?
long head
name the 3 groups of axillary lymph nodes
lateral
posterior
central
name the rotation which results in the palm facing forwards
supination
name the deep veins of the forearm
ulna vein
radial vein
brachial vein
name the 3 main superficial veins of the forearm
cephalic
median cubital
basilic
name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
what is the function of the subscapularis muscle?
medial rotation of the humerus
what is the opposite action to supination?
pronation
name the 8 carpal bones
scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
which bone of the forearm takes part in the wrist joint?
radius
extensors of the forearm supplied by the…
radial nerve
flexors of the forearm supplied by the…
ulnar nerve
name the membrane between the radius and ulna
interosseous membrane
The common interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar nerve) branches into…
Posterior interosseous artery
Anterior interosseous artery
Name the gap between the carpal bones and the deep carpal fascia at the wrist
Carpal tunnel
What passes through the carpal tunnel?
Tendons of the flexor muscles
Median nerve
Name the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
which 3 nerves give sensation to the hands and fingers?
median nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve
what are the branches of the ulnar, radial and median nerves called that supply the fingers
digital nerves
which of the 3 nerves supplying the hand does not go through the carpal tunnel, but passes in front of the membrane?
ulnar nerve
branches of which nerve supply the palm, and do they go through the carpal tunnel?
branches of the median nerve
no - fibres pass above carpal tunnel
name the action of the thumb touching the other fingers
opposition
5 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm
pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis
what is the most abundant protein in the body and of the extracellular matrix?
collagen
which type of collagen is found in skin, ligament, tendon, bone?
Type 1
which type of collagen is found in cartilage and vitreous of the eye?
Type 2
which type of collagen is found in skin and is important during wound healing?
Type 3
3 collagen molecules come together to form what 3-stranded molecule?
tropocollagen
what do osteoclasts do?
degrade bone
what do osteoblasts do?
make bone
Bone extracellular matrix is mostly comprised of…?
type I collagen and calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite
what are integrins?
transmembrane proteins involved in the adhesion of cells to each other and to their substrate
where abouts in the fibre do muscle fibre nuclei lie?
at the edge
Between each muscle fibre is a specialised connective tissue called…
endomysium
bundles of muscle fibres are bound together to form fasciculi by a sheath of connective tissue known as..
perimysium
groups of fasciculi are bound together to form muscles by more connective tissue known as…
epimysium
