Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Grace Phase 1 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

name ligament between liver and umbilicus

A

falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver to the stomach

A

lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the ligament that connects stomach and spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the mesenteric fold between the spleen and the left kidney

A

lienorenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the ventral mesentery and what develops within it

A

mesentery between stomach and umbilicus

liver develops within it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

blood supply of the foregut

A

celiac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blood supply of the midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blood supply of the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the abdominal wall made up of?

A

sheets of muscle and sheets of tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name the vertical pair of muscles in the anterior abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rectus abdominis muscle lies within the…

A

rectus sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rectus abdominis runs from —- to —-

A

from sternum and costal margin

to pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name the top left and right regions of the abdomen

A

left and right hypochondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name the top middle region of the abdomen

A

epigastrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

name the central region of the abdomen

A

umbilical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the bottom middle region of the abdomen

A

hypogastrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the left and right middle regions of the abdomen

A

left and right lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name the bottom left and right regions of the abdomen

A

left and right iliac fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name the muscle that attaches
laterally to the anterior superior iliac spine
and medially to the pubic tubercle

A

external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nerve supply of the foregut

A

greater splanchnic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

nerve supply of the midgut

A

lesser splanchnic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nerve supply of undersurface of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nerve supply of the kidney

A

sympathetic plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gonad nerve supply

A

sympathetic plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

name the layers that surround the lumen of the intestine

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria
serosal surface (mesothelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe the 2 layers of the muscularis propria of the gut

A

inner circular

outer longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is reabsorbed in the large intestine

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

why does the large intestine have a decreased surface area compared to the large SA of the small intestine?

A

such a large SA is not needed for water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

name the epithelium of the oral cavity

A

stratified squamous

non-keratinizing

30
Q

name epithelium of the tongue

A

stratified squamous

tiny amount of keratin on the surface

31
Q

name the 4 pairs of tonsils

A

adenoid
tubal
palatine
lingual

32
Q

name the 3 groups of salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

33
Q

where are the parotid salivary glands located?

A

in front of the ears

34
Q

where are the sublingual salivary glands located?

A

beneath the tongue

35
Q

of the 3 groups of salivary glands, which are serous and which are mucinous?

A

parotid - serous
submandibular - mixed
subingual - mucinous

36
Q

what digestive enzyme does saliva contain and what does it break down?

A

amylase

breaks down starch

37
Q

what is secreted in the stomach

A

HCl
pepsin
mucous

38
Q

describe muscle wall of stomach

A

3 layers

39
Q

purpose of the mucous secreted in the stomach

A

protect the stomach wall from HCl

40
Q

name ‘barrier’ between stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

41
Q

what is the liquified/partially digested food referred to in the small intestine?

A

chyme

42
Q

3 sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

43
Q

function of liver and gallbladder in digestion

A

liver secretes bile for protein digestion

gallbladder stores the bile

44
Q

bile from gallbladder enters duodenum via the…

A

bile duct

45
Q

pancreatic digestive enzymes secreted into duodenum via…

A

pancreatic duct

46
Q

enzymes secreted by pancreas

A

amylase
trypsin (protease)
lipase

47
Q

brush border enzymes of small intestine:

A

maltase
sucrase
lactase
peptidase

48
Q

chyme broken down into small molecules such as:

A

AMINO ACIDS
MONOSACCHARIDES
FATTY ACIDS
GLYCEROL

49
Q

which small molecules are absorbed into the blood?

A

monosaccharides

amino acids

50
Q

which small molecules are absorbed into the lymphatics and what aids this?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

helped by the bile

51
Q

sections of the large intestine:

A 
caecum
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
rectum
52
Q

substance produced by bacterial fermentation of un-digestible material in the large intestine

A

short chain fatty acids

53
Q

name 3 sections of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

54
Q

role of pharynx in digestion

A

moves food towards oesophagus

secretes mucous

55
Q

name the valve in the pharynx that covers the trachea

A

epiglottis

56
Q

name the cells that lie at the bottom of crypts in the stomach wall.
what do they secrete?

A

chief cells

HCl

57
Q

what do parietal cells secrete, and what is this then converted to?

A

pepsinogen -> pepsin

58
Q

name enzyme secreted by small intestine that stimulates the gallbladder

A

CCK (cholecystokinin)

59
Q

bile moves from liver to gallbladder via…

A

the common hepatic duct

60
Q

describe the composition of the liver

A

2 lobes -> many hexagonal lobules -> hepatocytes

61
Q

what enzymes are released and what is digested in the mouth and stomach respectively?

A

mouth > amylase > carbs

stomach > pepsinogen > pepsin > protein

62
Q

what does the pancreas secrete into the duodenum and what effect does it have?

A

HCO3- (bicarbonate) > neutralises stomach acid
amylase > carb digestion
lipase > fat digestion
nucleases > nucleotide digestion

63
Q

describe the muscles of the rectum

A

both voluntary and involuntary

internal anal sphincter & external anal sphincter

64
Q

2 components of starch

A

amylose (linear glucose chain with a 1-4 glycosidic bonds)

amylopectin (branched chains of glucose with a 1-6 glycosidic bonds)

65
Q

what does amylase do to starch

A

break alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

66
Q

why is amylase inactivated in the stomach

A

by HCl (stomach acid)

67
Q

alternative name for cells of the small intestine

A

enterocytes

68
Q

function of sucrase/isomaltase

A

breaks alpha (1-4) and (1-6) glycosidic bonds of alpha-dextrins (starch breakdown products)

69
Q

how are Na+ and glucose transported from intestinal lumen in the enterocytes?

A

co-transporter on apical surface of enterocyte

2Na+ for each 1 glucose molecule

70
Q

how is glucose absorbed into the blood from the enterocytes?

A

glut2 transporter on basal surface of enterocyte

71
Q

where, and as what is glucose stored?

A

in the liver as glycogen

72
Q

what happens to ‘resistant starch’ (starch not broken down in small intestine)?

A

reaches colon and is fermented by colon bacteria into short-chain fatty acids

Grace Phase 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions