Urinary System

Question 1

What are the three main waste products found in urine?

Answer 1

urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 2

What is creatinine?

Answer 2

waste product from muscle metabolism

Question 3

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 4

knot of capillaries at the beginning

Question 5

What is the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 5

structure housing the glomerulus?

Question 6

What is the plasma called after it enters Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 6

filtrate

Question 7

What are the three processes used to make urine?

Answer 7

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 8

What is filtration?

Answer 8

blood pressure forcing plasma into Bowman’s capsule

Question 9

What is secretion?

Answer 9

taking some substances out of blood and adding it to filtrate

Question 10

What is the first portion of the nephron, after the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 10

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 11

Where does most reabsorption/secretion take place?

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

What is the purpose of the loop of Henle?

Answer 12

to reabsorb water

Question 13

How does the loop of Henle accomplish water reabsorption?

Answer 13

by taking in salt and creating a gradient, to bring in more water

Question 14

What comes after the loop of Henle?

Answer 14

distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

What is the purpose of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 15

for urine fine-tuning

Question 16

Which hormone affects the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 16

aldosterone

Question 17

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 17

increases reabsorption of sodium, thus increasing water reabsorption

Question 18

What is the final portion of the nephron?

Answer 18

collecting duct

Question 19

How do the kidneys primarily regulate blood pressure?

Answer 19

enzyme renin, which causes production of chemical that constricts blood vessels to increase pressure

Question 20

What is the name of the chemical produced by renin?

Answer 20

angiotensin II

Question 21

What else does angiotensin II do?

Answer 21

increases aldosterone production, which increases sodium intake, which increases water intake, which inflates blood volume, which increases pressure

Question 22

Fish excrete nitrogen wastes in which form?

Answer 22

ammonia

Question 23

Adult amphibians, turtles, humans, and other mammals excrete wastes in which form?

Answer 23

urea

Question 24

Reptiles and birds excrete wastes in which form?

Answer 24

uric acid

Question 25

How do worms excrete wastes?

Answer 25

use metanephridia

Question 26

How do insects excrete wastes?

Answer 26

malphigian tubules