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SAT Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name for blood in organisms without a closed circulatory system?

A

hemolymph

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2
Q

What are the two primary components of blood?

A

plasma and red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

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3
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

mostly water, with glucose/hormones/ions/gases

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4
Q

What are three proteins found in plasma?

A

albumin, fibrinogen, lipoproteins

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5
Q

What makes all the blood proteins?

A

liver

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6
Q

What volume of blood does plasma comprise?

A

50%

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7
Q

What is the most abundant type of cell in blood?

A

red blood cells

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8
Q

Red blood cells are filled with which protein?

A

hemoglobin

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9
Q

What is the only cell in the body to not have a nucleus?

A

red blood cells

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10
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

things that eat other things, like WBCs do

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11
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

involved in immunity

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12
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

A

B-cells and T-cells

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13
Q

What are B-cells?

A

make antibodies

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14
Q

What are antibodies?

A

markers that bind to foreign things and mark them for destruction

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15
Q

Where are blood cells made?

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

What are the two jobs of T-cells?

A

help B-cells divide/proliferate, kill infected cells

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17
Q

How is AIDS dangerous?

A

kills T-cells which are essential for fighting disease

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18
Q

How do platelets work?

A

convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin for blood clotting

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19
Q

What is anemia?

A

disease caused by insufficient diet of iron and thus insufficient hemoglobin

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20
Q

What is agglutination?

A

clumping of red blood cells

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21
Q

Which blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB type

22
Q

Which blood type is the universal donor?

A

O type

23
Q

AB can receive blood from which types?

A

AB, A, B, O

24
Q

AB can donate to which types?

A

AB

25
Q

A can receive blood from which types?

A

A, O

26
Q

A can donate to which types?

A

A, AB

27
Q

B can receive blood from which types?

A

B, O

28
Q

B can donate to which types?

A

B, AB

29
Q

O can donate to which types?

A

AB, A, B, O

30
Q

O can receive from which types?

A

O

31
Q

What is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

to recapture some of the fluid that leaks out of capillaries and that does not make it back to heart

32
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

system of vessels that begins at the tissues and ends at the veins (right before the heart)

33
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

structures that filter the fluid before sending it back to heart

34
Q

What are lymph nodes (essentially)?

A

just a concentrated area of WBCs

35
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling in parts of body due to trapped tissue fluid

36
Q

What are lymphatic vessels?

A

operate in the same mechanism as veins, transporting lymph

37
Q

What are the bottom two chambers of the heart called?

A

ventricle

38
Q

What are the top two chambers of the heart called?

A

atrium

39
Q

Which vessel carries de-ox blood from right ventricle to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

40
Q

Which vessel carries re-ox blood from lungs to the left atrium?

A

pulmonary vein

41
Q

What are the two circuits of blood flow?

A

pulmonary circuit and the system circuit

42
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

right side of heart - pumps blood to lungs for re-ox

43
Q

What are the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

A

direction of flow of blood from ventricles to atria

44
Q

What is another name for the AV valve?

A

tricuspid valve?

45
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

direction of blood flow from ventricles to pulmonary artery/aorta

46
Q

What is the heart’s natural pacemaker?

A

sinoatrial (SA) node

47
Q

The part in which contraction occurs is known as the

A

systole

48
Q

The part in which relaxation occurs is known as the

A

diastole

49
Q

What is another name for high blood pressure?

A

hypertension

50
Q

What kind of heart do fish have?

A

two-chambered heart with single circuit

51
Q

Which kinds of animals have a three-chambered heart + 2 circuit flow?

A

amphibians, turtles, snakes, lizards

52
Q

What other organisms have a heart model similar to that of humans?

A

alligators, crocodiles, birds

SAT Biology (10 decks)

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