The Muscular System

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle?

Answer 1

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

Question 2

Which muscles are involuntary?

Answer 2

cardiac and smooth

Question 3

Which muscle is self-excitatory, and what does this mean?

Answer 3

cardiac muscle can initiate its own contraction

Question 4

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 4

attached to bones, moves your body around, long and multinucleate, voluntary

Question 5

What are the two proteins that make up muscle?

Answer 5

actin, myosin

Question 6

What does actin form?

Answer 6

long, thin chains

Question 7

What does myosin form?

Answer 7

bundle together to form thick fibers

Question 8

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 8

basic unit of muscle

Question 9

What is a myofibril?

Answer 9

many sarcomeres lined up end to end

Question 10

What makes up a muscle cell?

Answer 10

many myofibril bundles + cytoplasm, organelles, nuclei, cell membrane

Question 11

Muscle cells can be organized into groups called

Answer 11

fascicles

Question 12

Fascicles are grouped together to form

Answer 12

whole muscle

Question 13

Describe the hierarchy of substances that make up whole muscle.

Answer 13

actin/myosin > sarcomere > myofibril > muscle cell > fascicle > whole muscle

Question 14

What is the name for the end of sarcomeres?

Answer 14

z-lines

Question 15

Which muscles are striated?

Answer 15

skeletal and cardiac

Question 16

How are skeletal muscles stimulated?

Answer 16

neurons that release neurotransmitters at special synapses

Question 17

What are these special synapses?

Answer 17

motor end plates (also called neuromuscular junction)

Question 18

Which neurotransmitter is used to stimulate skeletal muscle?

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

Muscle contraction requires which mineral?

Answer 19

calcium