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SAT Biology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules merge into?

A

vas deferens

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3
Q

What are the two primary organs of the female reproductive system?

A

uterus and ovary

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4
Q

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

menstruation, proliferative phase, secretory phase

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5
Q

What is menstruation?

A

shedding of old endometrium

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6
Q

Which hormone stimulates development of new endometrium during proliferative phase?

A

estrogen

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7
Q

What controls the secretory phase?

A

progesterone

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8
Q

What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the corpus luteum?

A

to primarily secrete progesterone until degeneration 2 weeks later

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10
Q

What hormone is secreted if the ovum is fertilized?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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11
Q

What does hCG do?

A

prolongs life of corpus luteum

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12
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

fallopian tube

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13
Q

What is the region above the sperm that allows it to break the egg’s barriers?

A

acrosome

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14
Q

What happens once the sperm penetrates the egg membrane and the nuclei have fused?

A

zygote is formed

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15
Q

What happens right after the zygote is formed?

A

cleavage, which is rapid mitotic division

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16
Q

What is the name for the clump of cells formed by cleavage?

A

morula

17
Q

What happens after the morula forms?

A

implantation

18
Q

What happens after implantation?

A

blastocyst formation

19
Q

What are the two phases of the embryonic stage?

A

gastrulation and neurulation

20
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to?

A

inner linings of respiratory system, digestive/reproductive/urinary system, glandular organs

21
Q

What does the mesoderm give rise to?

A

blood, blood vessels, heart, non-glandular organs

22
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

external features + nervous system

23
Q

Which animals have internal fertilization and little parental care?

A

turtles, snakes, lizards

24
Q

Which animals have external fertilization and little parental care?

A

fish and amphibians

25
Q

What are the four extraembryonic membranes?

A

yolk sac, amnion, allantois, chorion

26
Q

What is the yolk sac?

A

essentially food for a growing embryo, source of first blood cells in humans

27
Q

What is the amnion?

A

clear membrane surrounding embryo with fluid as a shock absorbant

28
Q

What is the allantois?

A

becomes umbilical cord in humans

29
Q

What is the chorion?

A

outermost membrane, forms part of placenta

SAT Biology (10 decks)

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