Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy I Exam 4 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Are the kidneys, suprarenal glands and most of the ureters primarily retroperitoneal, secondarily retroperitoneal, or mesenteric?

A

primarily retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are the lower parts of the ureters and urinary bladder, and urethra primarily retroperitoneal, subperitoneal, or mesenteric?

A

subperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the kidney primarily retroperitoneal or subperitoneal?

A

primarily retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kidney contains 2 systems:

A

Vasculature (blood filtration) and collection ducts (waste excret)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What attaches the kidney in place?

A

the ureter and vessels (other than that it floats in fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial borders of the kidney

A

Suprarenal Gland, iliac creat, ….., reneal hilum (M)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Renal Hilum and what is inside it Anterior to Posterior?

A

Conduit Space for vein, art, renal pelvis as becomes ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the Left kidney span? What rib is it protected by?

A

T11-L2 (protected by ribs 11 and 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the right kidney span? What rib is it protected by?

A

T12-L3 (protected by rib 12)
–limited by LIVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each kidney is found within the ____ space surrounded by ____ and filled with _____

A

Perinephric Space, renal fascia, and perinephric fat (found in paravertebral gutter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

External to the renal fascia is ___ within the paranephric space

A

paranephric/pararenal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Excretory (collection pathway)

A

Collecting ducts –> minor calices –> major calices –> renal pelvis –> ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kidney supplied by _____ arteries that arise from ____ between L1 and L2 vertebrae

A

Left and right renal arteries that rise from aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Longer right renal artery passes ___ to IVC

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Longer left renal vein passes ____ to abdominal aorta and ___ to SMA

A

anterior; deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Both renal veins lie ___ to renal arteries and both renal veins drain into the ___

A

anterior; IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

Left is 3x right. runs between abdominal aorta and SMA
–often taken for kidney donation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Left renal vein receives the left suprarenal vein and left ____ vein

A

gonadal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: Right renal vein drains directly into IVC

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which renal vein is more likely to be compressed during an aneurysm of an artery? Why?

A

Left–it sits in the narrow space between SMA and ab aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pregang Sympathetis nerve fibers to the kidneys arise from the _____ and synapse at aorticorenal ganglia

A

lesser (T10-11) and least (12) spanchnic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pregang Sympathetis nerve fibers to the kidneys arise from the lesser (T10-11) and least (12) spanchnic nerves and synapse at ____

A

aorticorenal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vagus nerve carrying ___- reaches the kidney but does not have apparent function

A

parasympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Post ganglionic Sympathetic fibers and vagal fibers reach the kidney via the ____

A

renal nerve plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nerves to the kidneys arise from the _____ and consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

A

renal nerves plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nerves to the kidneys arise from the renal nerves plexus and consist of____fibers

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Urine production (Sympathetics)

A

Decrease in production through vasoconstriction of renal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Urine Production (Parasympathetics)

A

No apparent function… seem to carry some visceral afferent information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The hilum of the right kidney is behind what organ?

A

2nd segment of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Visceral pain to kidney conveyed via ____ fibers

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Visceral non-pain fibers (chemorec, mechanorec) conveyed to kidney via:

A

lower thoracic and upper lumbar sensory nerves (following sympathetics) and via sensory nerves o nodose ganglion (following parasympathetics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Suprarenal glands located between ______ of the kidney and diaphragm

A

superomedial aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

_____ produce hormones that help regulate several body functions including metabolism, blood pressure, and body’s response to stress

A

Suprarenal (adrenal galnds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the right suprarenal gland in contact with? the left?

A

R: right crus, IVC, Liver
L: left cruc, spleen, stomach, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Suprarenal Glands are enclosed by _____ and attached to the ___ of the diaphragm

A

renal fascia; crura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Suprarenal glands are separated from the kidneys by ___

A

a thin septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Blood supply to the suprarenal glands:

A

Superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What supplies the superior pole of the suprarenal gland? what is it a branch of?

A

Superior Suprarenal Artery (from inferior phrenic artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What supplies the middle of the suprarenal gland? what is it a branch of?

A

Middle suprarenal artery (from abdominal aorta–near celiac trunk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What supplies the inferior pole of the suprarenal gland? what is it a branch of?

A

Inferior suprarenal artery (branch from renal artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Left suprarenal vein often joined by the ____ to empty into ____

A

inferior phrenic vein; left renal vein

42
Q

Right Suprarenal vein drains into ___

A

directly into IVC (short vessel)

43
Q

___ connects the kidney to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

44
Q

Ureter transmits urine via ___

A

peristalsis and gravity

45
Q

What part of ureter remain retroperitoneal throughout their course?

A

Abdominal portion of ureter

46
Q

What is nephrolithiasis?

A

renal stones formed in kidney

47
Q

What is urolithiasis?

A

stone exits renal pelvis and enters ureter

48
Q

Sites where constrictions in ureters normally appear: (calculi)

A

1) Ureteropelvic junction (ureters with renal pelvis) 2) crossing the external iliac artery and/or pelvic brim 3) as ureters traverse the bladder wall

49
Q

4 types of stones:

A

calcium, uric acid, struvite, cystine

50
Q

Where are calculi formed in the kidney?

A

calyces of kidney or in the ureter

51
Q

The oblique passage of the ureters through the muscular bladder forms a _______ (the internal pressure of the filling bladder causing the intramural passage to collapse and PREVENT backflow of urine

A

one-way “flip valve”

52
Q

contractions of ___ act as a sphincter and prevent reluc of urine upn contractions

A

bladder musulator (Detrusor muscle is smooth muscle)

53
Q

when empty, the adult bladder is in the _____

A

lesser pelvis

54
Q

Label Urinary bladder/regions?

A

?

55
Q

Trigone of urinary bladder

A

triang space between 2 ureteric orifices (lateral) and the internal urethral orifice (median or apex)

56
Q

Bladder bed: Inferolateral surface of bladder

A

pubic bones and fascia covering the lavtor ani and superior obturator internus muscle

57
Q

Bladder Bed: Posterior Surface

A

Fascial rectovesical septum (males) and anterior wall of vagina (females)

58
Q

Arterial Supply to Bladder– are branches of the ___

A

internal iliac artery

59
Q

Blood supply to anterosuperior bladder

A

superior vesical arteries

60
Q

Blood supply to postero-inferior bladder (fundus and neck)

A

(males = inferior vesical arteries) (females=vaginal arteries)

61
Q

Veins draining the bladder are tributaries of the ____

A

internal iliac viens

62
Q

What venous network associated with the bladder?

A

vesical venous plexus

63
Q

The Vesical Venous Plexus mainly drains through the ____ veins into the ___ veins

A

inferior vesical veins into the internal iliac veins

64
Q

In males, the detrusor muscle fibers form the ___

A

involuntary urethra sphincter

65
Q

Functional/Physiological urethra sphincter in women is formed by

A

the anatomy of the bladder neck and proximal urethrae

66
Q

Male urethra divided into 3 parts:

A

Prostatic, Membranous (intermediate), and spongy (penile)

67
Q

The external urethral sphincter is innervated by the _____ and functions to maintain urinary continence

A

Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)

68
Q

(Genitourinary Innervation)

A
69
Q

(Genitourinary Innervation) Parasympathetics Role:

A

producing and releasing waste from the body

70
Q

(Genitourinary Innervation) Sympathetics role

A

general role in slowing production of waste while retaining it in the body until proper time to release

71
Q

(Genitourinary Innervation) Somatic role

A

assists sympathetic NS in retaining waste

72
Q

(Innervation of the bladder) Sympathetics from the _____ to pelvic plexus via _____ nerves to hypogastric plexuses and nerves

A

(T11-L2); lumbar splanchnic nerves (synapse occur in plexus in route to pelvic viscera)

73
Q

(Innervation of the bladder) Parasympatics from ____ by the _____ and the inferior hypogastric plexus

A

S2-S4; pelvic splanchnic nerves

74
Q

(Innervation of the bladder) ________ nerve controls the external urethral sphincter which is skeletal muscle under ____ control

A

Pudendal nerve (somatic nerve, S2-S4); voluntary control

75
Q

(Innervation of the bladder) Sensory fibers–superior surface of bladder– follow ____ nerves to T11-L2 spinal ganglia

A

sympathetic fibers

76
Q

(Innervation of the bladder) Reflex afferents (non-pain) and pain sensations from inferior part of bladder follow ______ fibers

A

Parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves; S2-S4)

77
Q

Detrusor and internal urethra mnuscle are ___ muscle ; external urethral sphincter is __

A

smooth muscle; skeletal muscle

78
Q

Parasymp acting on Detrusor muscle

A

Activation (contract muscle to push out urine)

79
Q

Parasym actions on internal urethral sphincter

A

Inhibition (opening of urethra)

80
Q

Somatic motor actions on external urethral sphoncter (skeletal m)

A

Voluntary inhibition (opening of urethra)

81
Q

Symp action on detrusor muscle

A

inhibition (allow wall of bladder to expand and fill with urine)

82
Q

Sympathetic action on internal urethral sphincter

A

activation (closing of urethra)

83
Q

Somatic action on external urethral sphincter

A

voluntary action (closing urethra)

84
Q

What urinary structure is potentially at risk of injury during an appendectomy?

A

right ureter

85
Q

What urinary stucture is at risk of injury during surgery of the sigmoid colon and rectum?

A

left ureter

86
Q

The ureters pass _______ to the posas muscle and common iliac vessels?

A

anterior

87
Q

What are the common sites for ureteral stones?

A

ureteropelvic junciton
ureter crosses internal iliac artery
ureterovesical junction

88
Q

Where is the most common spot for a ureteral stones?

A

Ureterovesical junction

89
Q

What type of peritoneum do the uterus and bladder have?

A

visceral (no pain sensation when stretched)

90
Q

What neural control has the role of producing and releasing waste from the body?

A

parasympathetics

91
Q

What neural control has the role of slowing production of waste while retaining it inside the body?

A

sympathetics

92
Q

What neural control has the role of assisting the sympathetics in retaining waste?

A

somatic motor

93
Q

Sympathetics to the kidney and the renal vessels ________ urine production
through ____________

A

Sympathetics to the kidney and the renal vessels decrease urine production
through vasoconstriction

94
Q

What do the parasympathetics do in the lower ureter?

A

increase peristalsis

95
Q

What do the sympathetics do in the lower ureter?

A

inhibit peristalsis

96
Q

What do parasympathetics do in the bladder?

A

eliminate urine
- detrusor muscle contracts
- inhibit the internal (involuntary) urinary sphincter (relax and opens it)

97
Q

What do sympathetics do in the bladder?

A

retain urine
- detrusor to relax
- internal sphincter to constrict and close (active unless urinating)

98
Q

Which urinary sphincter is voluntary?

A

external urinary sphincter (skeletal muscle)
- used to prevent urination

99
Q

Where are the aorticorenal ganglion located and what type of signal do they carry?

A

at the origins of the renal arteries; sympathetics

100
Q

Which kidney is in contact with liver, duodenum, ascending colon, small intestine/ileum?

A

right kidney

101
Q

Which kidney is in contact with stomach, spleen, pancreas, descending colon, small intestine/ileum

A

left kidney

Anatomy I Exam 4 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions