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Anatomy Exam 4 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Are the kidneys and most of the ureters primarily retroperitoneal, secondarily retroperitoneal, or mesenteric?

A

primarily retroperitoneal

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2
Q

Are the lower parts of the ureters and urinary bladder primarily retroperitoneal, subperitoneal, or mesenteric?

A

subperitoneal

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3
Q

Is the kidney primarily retroperitoneal, subperitoneal, or mesenteric?

A

primarily retroperitoneal

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4
Q

What attaches the kidney in place?

A

the ureter and vessels (other than that it floats in fat)

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5
Q

The hilum of the right kidney is behind what organ?

A

2nd segment of duodenum

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6
Q

What organ is the hilum of the left kidney behind?

A

pancreas (body and tail)

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7
Q

How many minor calyces are in the kidney?

A

1 for each renal pyramind (15 ish)

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8
Q

What is the first line of defense for cancer metastasis in the kidney?

A

renal capsule

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9
Q

The kidney has no significant __________________

A

collateral arterial circulation

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10
Q

How many renal pyramids are in the kidney?

A

15 -18

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11
Q

The ureters pass _______ the gonadal vessels

A

behind

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12
Q

What urinary structure is potentially at risk of injury during an appendectomy?

A

right ureter

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13
Q

What urinary stucture is at risk of injury during surgery of the sigmoid colon and rectum?

A

left ureter

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14
Q

The ureters pass _______ to the posas muscle and common iliac vessels?

A

anterior

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15
Q

Where do the superior ureters get there blood supply from?

A

renal artery

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16
Q

Where do the middle ureters get there blood supply from?

A

gonadal artery

17
Q

Where do the inferior ureters get there blood supply from?

A

internal iliac artery

18
Q

What are the common sites for ureteral stones?

A

ureteropelvic junciton
ureter crosses internal iliac artery
ureterovesical junction

19
Q

Where is the most common spot for a ureteral stones?

A

Ureterovesical junction

20
Q

What type of peritoneum do the uterus and bladder have?

A

visceral (no pain sensation when stretched)

21
Q

What neural control has the role of producing and releasing waste from the body?

A

parasympathetics

22
Q

What neural control has the role of slowing production of waste while retaining it inside the body?

A

sympathetics

23
Q

What neural control has the role of assisting the sympathetics in retaining waste?

A

somatic motor

24
Q

Sympathetics to the kidney and the renal vessels ________ urine production
through ____________

A

Sympathetics to the kidney and the renal vessels decrease urine production
through vasoconstriction

25
Q

What do parasympathetics do to the kidney?

A

no obvious functions (carry visceral afferent information)

26
Q

In the renal pelvis and upper ureters peristalsis is mostly _______ in response to stretching when filled with urine.

A

myogenic

27
Q

What do the parasympathetics do in the lower ureter?

A

increase peristalsis

28
Q

What do the sympathetics do in the lower ureter?

A

inhibit peristalsis

29
Q

What do parasympathetics do in the bladder?

A

eliminate urine
- detrusor muscle contracts
- inhibit the internal (involuntary) urinary sphincter (relax and opens it)

30
Q

What do sympathetics do in the bladder?

A

retain urine
- detrusor to relax
- internal sphincter to constrict and close (active unless urinating)

31
Q

Which urinary sphincter is voluntary?

A

external urinary sphincter (skeletal muscle)
- used to prevent urination

32
Q

What nerves supply parasympathetics to the bladder?

A

pelvic splanchinic nerves (S2-S4)

33
Q

What nerves provide somatic motor to the bladder?

A

pudendal nerves (S2-S4)

34
Q

Where are the aorticorenal ganglion located and what type of signal do they carry?

A

at the origins of the renal arteries; sympathetics

35
Q

The sympathetics in the urinary system are primarly from what type of nerve?

A

lesser splanchnic nerves

36
Q

What are some examples of kidney irregularities?

A

horseshoe kidney
pelvic kidney
transplanted kidney

37
Q

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

A

lower in the abdomen (blood supply is more accessible; non-functional kidneys are often left in place)

38
Q

What are the kidney arterial and ureter anomalies associated with the urinary system?

A
  • aberrant renal arteries to the lower pole of the kidney (arterial)
  • duplicate ureters or retrocaval ureters (ureter)

Anatomy Exam 4 (10 decks)

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