Pelvic Organs

Question 1

What are the common pelvic structures between males and females?

Answer 1

Ureters, urinary bladder, and rectum

Question 2

What are the male-specific pelvic organs?

Answer 2

Ductus deferens, seminal vesicles,
prostate, bulbourethral glands

Question 3

What are the female-specific pelvic organs?

Answer 3

Uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes,
cervix, and vagina

Question 4

What marks the transition from abdomen to pelvis?

Answer 4

pelvic brim

Question 5

What is the floor of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 5

pelvic diaphragm

Question 6

What pelvic structure is the biggest contributor to semen?

Answer 6

seminal vesicle

Question 7

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

Answer 7

uses peristalsis to push semen from epididymis to the prostate

Question 8

What pelvic structure is where sperm gain motility and mature?

Answer 8

epididymis

Question 9

Where do the urinary and reproductive systems merge in males?

Answer 9

prostate

Question 10

How many sperm per mL in semen?

Answer 10

100 million spermatozoa

Question 11

How many mL per ejaculation?

Answer 11

2.5-3.5 mL

Question 12

Where do the secretions that make semen come from?

Answer 12

seminal vesicles (60-70%), prostate (20%), bulbourethral glands, and glands in the urethral wall

Question 13

What affect does a vasectomy have on the volume of ejaculate?

Answer 13

minor effect

Question 14

What is the round ligament in females a remnant of?

Answer 14

gubernaculum from development

Question 15

What path does the round ligament in females take?

Answer 15

goes upward from the uterus to the deep ring, to inguinal canal, and attaches to deep surface of labial majora

Question 16

What type of innervation does the upper 1/3 of the vagina have?

Answer 16

visceral

Question 17

What type of innervation does the outer 2/3 of the vagina have?

Answer 17

body wall

Question 18

What type of muscle is the uterus made of?

Answer 18

smooth muscle

Question 19

What is the lowest point in the pelvic sac in males that abscesses could form in?

Answer 19

rectovesical pouch

Question 20

What are the organs beneath the peritoneum of the pelvis called?

Answer 20

subperitoneal

Question 21

Where are the lowest points in the pelvic sac in females that abscesses could form in?

Answer 21

Vesicouterine pouch
Rectouterine pouch

Question 22

What is a culdocentesis?

Answer 22

use a needle to sample fluid from the rectouterine pouch by going through the posterior fornix of the vagina

Question 23

What are the three parts of the broad liagment of the uterus?

Answer 23

mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx

Question 24

What ligament connects the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 24

ovarian ligament

Question 25

What ligament does the ovarian vessels run in?

Answer 25

suspensory ligament of the ovary (S.l.o)

Question 26

Which part of the broad ligament connects the s.l.o (suspensory ligament of the ovary) to the uterus?

Answer 26

mesometrium

Question 27

Which part of the broad ligament connects the ovary to the other parts?

Answer 27

mesovarium

Question 28

Which part of the broad ligament connects the ovary/s.l.o to the uterine tube?

Answer 28

mesosalpinx

Question 29

What are the two important facts to know about the internal iliac artery?

Answer 29

1. branching is extremely variable
2. anastomoses between its branches (and across midline) are extensive

Question 30

How do pain impulses run above the pelvic pain line?

Answer 30

alongside sympathetic pathways

Question 31

How do pain impulses run below the pelvic pain line?

Answer 31

alongside parasympathetic pathways

Question 32

How do all visceral afferents (not pain) run from the pelvic organs?

Answer 32

alongside parasympathetic pathways

Question 33

What are some examples of organs beneath the pelvic pain line?

Answer 33

rectum, anus, seminal vesicles, prostate, vagina, etc.

Question 34

What are the three organs that are split by the pelvic pain line?

Answer 34

bladder, uterus, sigmoid colon

Question 35

What type of innervation contracts the external anal sphincters?

Answer 35

somatic motor (pudendal nerve S2-S4)

Question 36

What type of innervation increases peristalsis of rectum and relaxes internal anal sphincters?

Answer 36

parasympathetics (pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-S4)

Question 37

What type of innervation inhibits peristalsis of rectum and constricts the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 37

sympathetics (L1-L2)