intestines and colon

Question 1

T/F: The Duodenum is a derivative of the foregut and the midgut

Answer 1

True

Question 1

Large intestine divided into segment based on direction of movement: (list seg)

Answer 1

Cecum–> ascending colon –> transv colon –> desc colon –> sigmoid –. rectum

Question 2

Transverse colon crosses from ____ to ____ quadrant

Answer 2

From upper right to upper left

Question 3

Final part of the hindgut:

Answer 3

Rectum

Question 4

Name/describe the 2 flexures of the colon:

Answer 4

Hepatic Flexure (right colic flexure, near liver)
Splenic Flexure (left colic flexure, near spleen)

Question 5

What segments of the duodenum are located in the midgut?

Answer 5

3 and 4

Question 6

Jejunum and Ileum progress from ____ to ____ quadrant

Answer 6

upper left to lower right quadrant of abdomen

Question 7

location of: Midgut to Hindgut Transition

Answer 7

first 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 8

Supplies entire midgut
–largest branch of abdominal aorta
–crosses over third segment of duodenum

Answer 8

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 9

(Branches of SMA)
Supply jejunum and Ileum
–straight arteries (vasa recta) branch off anastomosing loops to supply intestine

Answer 9

Intestinal Arteries

Question 10

(Branches of SMA)
Supplies:
DIstal ileum
Cecum
apppendix (via apendic art)
FIRST part of ascending colon

Answer 10

Ileocecal Artery

Question 11

(Branches of SMA)
Supplies ascending colon

Answer 11

Right Colic Artery

Question 12

(Branches of SMA..branches of Right Colic Artery)
–Supplies upper part of ascend colon
–supplies lower part, with anast connecting to ileocecal artery

Answer 12

–ascending branch
–descending branch

Question 13

(Branches of SMA)
Supplies transverse colon (up to transition)

Answer 13

Middle Colic Artery

Question 14

(Branches of Middle Colic Artery)
1) Supplies proximal transverse colon
2) Anastomoses with the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 14

1) Right branch
2) left branch

Question 15

–supplies part of pancreas and duodenum
–anastomoses with branch of Celiac Trunk!
–First branch of SMA

Answer 15

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

Question 16

Superior Mesenteric artery transitions to Inferior Mesenteric Artery at ____

Answer 16

2/3 of the transverse colon (Midgut to hind-gut transition)

Question 17

_____ supply transitions from Vagus Nerve (Midgut) to Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (Hindgut) at 2/3 of the transverse colon (Midgut to hind-gut transition)

Answer 17

Parasympathetic

Question 18

Parasympathetic supply transitions from _____ (Midgut) to _____ (Hindgut) at 2/3 of the transverse colon (Midgut to hind-gut transition)

Answer 18

Vagus Nerve (mid) to Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves (hind)

Question 19

Shortest and simplest part of GI Tract

Answer 19

hindgut

Question 20

Anatomical Transitions of Hindgut

1) Tranverse colon
2) Descending Colon
3) Sigmoid Colon
4) Rectum

Answer 20

1) mesentery
2) secondarily retroperitoneal at splenic flexure
3) regains mesentary (at sigmoid mesocolon)
4) becomes secondarily retroperitoneal, attached to posterior pelvic wall

Question 21

Primary Blood Supply for the hindgut:

Answer 21

Inferior Mesenteric Artery (runs down to left)

Question 22

(branches of IMA)
supplies last part of transverse colon and the descending colon

–runs perpendicular to descending colon and divided into superior and inferior branches

Answer 22

left colic artery

Question 23

The Left colic artery anastomoses with the middle colic artery at _______ near the mid/hind transition

Answer 23

at the Marginal Artery

Question 24

(branches of IMA)
Supplies the sigmoid colon–located in the sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 24

Sigmoid Arteries

Question 25

Sigmoid Arteries anastomose with the ___ above and the ____ below

Answer 25

left colic artery above; superior rectal artery below

Question 26

Primary blood supply for the rectum
–Terminal branch of IMA
–retroperitoneal

Answer 26

Superior Rectal Artery

Question 27

Superior rectal artery anastomoses with the ________

Answer 27

middle and inferior rectal arteries (which originate from the internal iliac artery in the pelvis)

Question 28

Critical site for anastomoses between SMA and IMA

Answer 28

Marginal artery (located along mid/hind transition)

Question 29

The mesenteric regions of the colon:

Answer 29

1) Transverse Mesocolon
2) Sigmoid Mesocolon
(have mesentery)

Question 30

What are the secondarily retroperitoneal sections of the colon?

Answer 30

ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum
(attached to posterior abdominal wall)

Question 31

Name the pericolic gutters:

Answer 31

1) Paracolic gutters–lateral to retroperitoneal sections of the colon
2) Paramesenteric gutters–around mesenteric regions

Question 32

Channels formed along the reflections of the gut onto the parietal peritoneum or the root of the mesenteries

Answer 32

Pericolic gutters (important for passageway of abdominal infections)