Urinary system Flashcards
What does the urinary system comprise of?
- two kidneys
- two ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
What is osmoregulation?
Regulating the chemical composition and volume of body fluids
What is the urinary system concerned with?
The production and storage of urine in the form of which waste products are removed from the body
what is different about males and females urethra?
- males - long and narrow
- female - shorter and wider
what is the urethra divided into?
Pelvic and penile urethra
what is the structure of the urethra?
simple structure lined with transitional epithelium which is supported by a sheath of smooth muscle and connective tissue
what is the function of the urethra in males?
to transport urine, sperm and spermatic fluid from the bladder and prostate gland to the penis for excretion
what is the function of the urethra in female?
to transfer urine from the bladder to the vagina for excretion
what species is the preprostatic urethra found in?
male cats
what is the small flap of tissue at the exit of the ureter called?
vesicoureteral valve
what are the ureters?
- each kidney has one
- thick walled with smooth muscle
-retroperitoneal
what is the bladder?
- storage organ
- double layer of smooth muscle
- lined with transitional epithelium
where does the urethra carry urine?
the external orifice
is the external sphincter involuntary or voluntary?
voluntary
is the internal sphincter involuntary or voluntary?
involuntary
what is the trigone?
area of the bladder where the ureters enter and urethra leaves
what is the percentage if glomerular filtrate that is reabsorbed along the nephron?
85-99%
what is the percentage of urine in a healthy dog?
96% water
4% solids
what solids are included in urine?
- urea, urates, uric acid
- chlorides
- phosphates
- sulphates
- creatinine
what are the normal pH in dog, cat, gpig, rabbit?
dog - 5-7
cat - 7-9
gpig - 8-9
rabbit - 7.5-9
what are the normal specific gravity for a dog, cat, gpig, rabbit?
dog - 1.015-1.045
cat - 1.035-1.060
gpig - 1.004-1.046
rabbit - 1.003-1.036
what is the average volume of urine for a cat and dog to produce?
1-2ml/kg/hr or 24-48ml/kg/hr
what is the average volume of urine for a rabbit to produce?
12-48ml/kg/day or 120ml/kg/day
