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VN04 > Pharmaceutical groups > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical groups Flashcards

1
Q

what do antimicrobial medications treat?

A

infections caused by microorganism such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi

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2
Q

what are the 2 ways anti-bacterial drugs work?

A
  • inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls or proteins/nucleic acids
  • altering the permeability of bacterial cell walls
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3
Q

what are the two categories of anti-bacterial drugs?

A

bactericidal
bacteriostatic

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4
Q

what are some processes affected by anti-bacterial drugs?

A
  • DNA synthesis
  • protein synthesis
  • biochemical transformations
  • cell wall growth
  • cell membrane function
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5
Q

what are broad and narrow spectrum anti-bacterial drugs?

A

broad are effective against a wide range and narrow are effective against a few specific bacteria

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6
Q

what does PROTECT ME stand for?

A

Prescribe when necessary
Reduce prophylaxis
Offer other options
Treat effectively
Employ narrow spectrum
Culture appropriately
Tailor practice policy
Monitor
Educate

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7
Q

what are beta-lactams?

A
  • antibiotics
  • bactericidal
  • include all penicillins
  • interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis from inside the bacterial cell
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8
Q

what is vancomycin and bacitracin?

A
  • naturally occurring agents
  • bactericidal
  • narrow spectrum of activity
  • interfere with cell wall synthesis from inside the bacterial cell
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9
Q

what are aminoglycosides?

A
  • anti-microbials
  • bactericidal
  • include streptomycin, neomycin, and gentamicin
  • inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial cell by acting on ribosomes of a type only round in bacteria
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10
Q

what are tetracyclines?

A
  • bacteriostatic
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • taken up by bacterial cells
  • excretions 60%urine 40%faeces
  • bind to the ribosomes of susceptible organisms, interfere with. bacterial protein synthesis in growing or multiplying organisms
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11
Q

what are fluroquinolones?

A
  • bacteriocidal
  • broad
  • include enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, pradofloxacin
  • prevent the bacterial DNA uncoiling when it tries to reproduce
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12
Q

what are sulponamides?

A
  • bacteriostatic
  • interfere with DNA synthesis
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13
Q

what are anti-viral drugs?

A
  • reduce the severity of viral infections but cannot kill
  • highly toxic
  • narrow therapeutic index
  • viristatic
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14
Q

what are some examples of anti-epileptic?

A
  • phenobarbitone
  • primidone
  • imepitoin
  • potassium bromide
  • levetiracetam
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15
Q

what are some anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • corticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone)
  • NSAIDS
  • anti-histamines
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16
Q

what is H1 responsible for?

A

blocking histamine actions (redness/swelling)

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17
Q

what is H2 responsible for?

A

gastric acid secretions

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18
Q

what are some side effects of steriods?

A
  • decreased immune system
  • hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus
  • loss of muscle mass
  • osteoporosis
19
Q

what are some parasiticides?

A
  • anti-protozoals (protozoal infections)
  • anti-helmintics (parasitic worms)
    -ectoparaciticides (infestation of ectoparasites)
20
Q

what are some ways parasiticides work?

A
  • kill parasites on the host
  • interrupt breeding cycle of the parasite
  • control environment populations of parasites reducing the chances of infestation
21
Q

how can parasiticides be used?

A
  • orally
  • topically
  • injected
  • sprayed
22
Q

what is imidaclopride?

A

-active ingredient in advantage + advocate
-lipophilic
- kills fleas on contact
-acts on insects nervous systems

23
Q

what is flumethrin?

A

-flea collars for cats and dogs
- worn for 8 months
- repels and kills ticks
- active ingredient slowly released

24
Q

what is spinosad?

A
  • comfortis and trifexis
  • caution with epileptic dogs
  • kills fleas 30 mins after administration
25
Q

what is fipronil?

A
  • frontline
  • kills fleas on contact
  • topical
  • high margin of safety
  • NFA-VPS
26
Q

what is frontline combo?

A
  • POM-V
  • animal and environment
  • fipronil and methoprene
  • prevents multiplication of fleas by inhibiting immature stages - eggs and larvae/pupae
27
Q

what is indoxacarb?

A
  • activyl
  • kills fleas and larval stages
  • topical
    -POM-V
  • causes cessation of egg laying (paralysis and death)
28
Q

what is permthrin?

A
  • active ingredient in household flea sprays
  • contact insecticide that kills and repels fleas and other insects
29
Q

what is lufenuron?

A
  • active ingredient of program
  • works by preventing female fleas on the animal from breeding
  • insect development inhibitor
30
Q

what is afoxolaner, sarolaner and fluralaner?

A
  • nexgard, easecto, bravecto
  • active against fleas and ticks
  • affects parasites nervous system
31
Q

what is fibronil and selamectin?

A

ticks and mange mites

32
Q

what is amitraz?

A
  • demodex
  • available as a concentrate or topical
  • no chihuahuas, horses, cats, or fish
33
Q

what are some endoparasiticides?

A
  • praziquantel
  • pyrantel embonate
  • febantel
  • emodepside
  • milbemycin oxime
  • fenbendazole
34
Q

what are some endectosides?

A
  • imidacloprid and permethrin
  • imidacloprid and moxidectin
  • spinosad and milbemycin
  • selamectin
  • fenbendazole
  • ivermectin
35
Q

what are some antiviral drugs?

A
  • aciclovir (ocular signs of herpes in cats and horses)
  • interferon
  • remdesivir (blocks viral replication)
36
Q

what are some antifungal medications?

A
  • can be fungicidal and fungistatic
  • griseofulvin
  • ketoconazone (treat yeasts and fungi)
  • itraconazole (dermatophyte infections)
37
Q

what are some behaviour modifying drugs?

A
  • benzodiazepines (anxiety and noise phobias)
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OCD or anxiety)
  • pheromones
38
Q

what are some cardiovascular drugs effects?

A
  • effecting rate/rhythm/force of contraction
  • increase/decrease blood pressure
  • reduce/increase tendency to clot
39
Q

what are sympatheticomimetics?

A

increase HR

40
Q

what are anti-dysrhythmics?

A

correct HR

41
Q

what are positive isotropes?

A

increase the force of cardiac contractions

42
Q

what are diuretics?

A

drugs that act on the kidneys in order to increase urine

43
Q

what are loop diurectics?

A
  • act on ascending loop of henle
  • leads to an increase in excretion of sodium

VN04 (13 decks)

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