Liver Flashcards
what is the liver?
- largest gland
- located between stomach and the diaphragm
what are the four main lobes of the liver?
- left hepatic
- right hepatic
- quadrate
- caudate
what side of the liver is larger?
right
what cells does the liver consist of?
hepatocytes arranged in hexagonal lobules
what are bile canaliculi?
where bile is secreted in the liver and transported to the gallbladder
what are the main functions of the liver?
- metabolism of carb, prot, and fat absorbed from the intestines
- production of bile
- neutralization and destruction of drugs and toxins
- manufacture , breakdown and regulation of hormones
- removal of old RBC
-storage of iron and ADEK
what is P450 enzyme?
cytochrome
-work by oxidising certain drugs
- can affect metabolism of other drugs
what is oxidisation of drugs called?
phase 1 reactions
what do phase 2 reactions involve?
conjugation with endogenus substances
-increase the polarity. of an intermediate metabolite
- make the compound more water soluble
where does the gallbladder lie?
Between quadrate and right medial lobe
where does the falciform ligament lie?
extends from umbillicus to diaphragm
what do the hepatic lobules consist of?
portal triad between a capillary network and a central vein
what are the three main areas of the portal triad?
- hepatic arteriole (providing blood to keep tissue healthy)
- bile duct (collecting bile)
- interlobular portal vein (brining substances in)
what are the functions of the liver?
- formation of bile
- formation of urea
- metabolism
- breakdown RBCs
- storage
- synthesis
- detoxification
what does bile contain?
bile salts, water, bile pigment
what stimulates secretion of secretin?
presence of food in stomach and duodenum
what stimulates the secretion of bile?
cholecystokinin
what is stored in the liver?
- iron
- fats
- glycogen
- vitamins ADEK and B12
what does the liver convert ammonia into?
urea
what is helped to synthesise in the liver?
- vitamin A
- plasma proteins aka fibrinogen
- antibodies
- antioxidents
what is excess blood glucose converted to in the liver from carbs?
glycogen and fat
why are lipids helpful in the liver?
needed for bile and phospholipid production as well as energy production
