urinary system Flashcards
1
Q
nephr/o, ren/o
A
kidneys
2
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
3
Q
ur/o, urin/o
A
urine
4
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
5
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder
6
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
7
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate
8
Q
process for maintaining a constant internal environment
A
homeostasis
9
Q
filter blood to remove waste products and excess water from the body
A
kidneys
10
Q
site of urine production using filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
A
nephrons
11
Q
outer region of the kidney; contains nephrons
A
renal cortex
12
Q
inner region of the kidney; contains most urine-collecting tubules; open spaces inside kidney
A
medulla
13
Q
funnel-shaped area surrounded by renal cortex and renal medulla; site of urine collection before it flows into the ureters
A
renal pelvis
14
Q
narrow tubes transporting urine from kidneys to bladder, through process of peristalsis
A
ureters
15
Q
hollow organ that holds urine before it is excreted
A
bladder
16
Q
tube extending from bladder to exterior of the body
A
urethra
17
Q
voiding; micturation
A
excretion of urine
18
Q
any disease of the kidney
A
nephropathy
19
Q
kidney disease resulting from poorly controlled diabetes
A
diabetic nephropathy
20
Q
improper function of one or more kidneys
A
renal failure
21
Q
elevation of the blood urea nitrogen
A
azotemia
22
Q
results from renal failure; kidney function is compromised; urea and waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
A
uremia (uremic poisoning)
23
Q
sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
A
acute renal failure
24
Q
progressive loss of renal function over months or years
A
chronic kidney disease
25
also known as kidney failure; final stage of chronic kidney disease
end-stage renal disease
26
group of conditions when excessive amounts of protein are lost through urine
nephrotic syndrome
27
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues as symptom of nephrotic syndrome or other kidney diseases
edema
28
abnormally high concentrations of protein in urine
hyperproteinuria
29
abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood
hypoproteinemia
30
one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney
ectopic kidney
31
dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
32
inflammation of the glomeruli; red blood cells and proteins leak into urine
glomerulonephritis
33
suppuration of the kidney
pyonephrosis
34
numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
35
acute pain caused by a blockage during passage of a nephrolith
renal colic
36
abnormal mineral deposit formed within the body
kidney stone (calculus or calculi)
37
presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
38
kidney stone found in the kidney
nephrolith
39
stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
40
stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
41
distention (swelling) of the ureter that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction
hydroureter
42
blockage of one or both ureters
ureteral obstruction
43
discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
44
pain in the bladder
cystalgia; cystodynia
45
hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
cystocele
46
chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
47
interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
48
benign prostatic hypertrophy or an enlarged prostate
benign prostatic hyperplasia
49
compression/obstruction of the urethra
prostatism
50
usually results from bacteria transported in the urine
bacterial prostatitis
51
most common cancer among men
prostate cancer
52
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
53
abnormal discharge from urethra
urethrorrhea
54
narrowing of urethra due to scar tissue from an infection or injury; exclusive to men
urethrostenosis
55
opening of the urethra is located on the upper surface of the penis or in the region of the clitoris
epispadias
56
opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis or into the vagina
hypospadias
57
systemic bacterial infection
urosepsis
58
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
59
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
60
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
61
absence of urine formation
anuria
62
scant urination
oliguria
63
increased output of urine
diuresis
64
difficult, painful urination
dysuria
65
involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
66
nocturnal enuresis
urinary incontinence during sleep
67
nocturia
frequent, excessive urination during the night
68
excessive urination
polyuria
69
incontinence due to abdominal pressure under stress (weak pelvic floor muscles)
stress incontinence
70
incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles
urge incontinence
71
incontinence due to blockage of the urethra
overflow incontinence
72
incontinence due to impaired functioning of the nervous system
neurogenic incontinence
73
examination of urine for the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
74
blood test; checks kidney function
glomerular filtration rate
75
handheld ultrasound transducer
bladder ultrasound
76
insertion of a tube into the bladder
urinary catheterization
77
examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized type of endoscope
cystoscopy
78
radiographic imaging of the abdomen
CT scan
79
x-ray or fluoroscopy examination of the bladder; a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter
cystography
80
x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures
intravenous pyelogram
81
x-ray study without the use of a contrast medium; flat plate of the abdomen
KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)
82
contrast medium is instilled and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract
retrograde pyelogram
83
fluoroscopy used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
84
palpation of the prostate gland
digital rectal examination
85
used to screen for prostate cancer; measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen present in a blood specimen
prostate-specific antigen blood test
86
medications used to increase urine secretion
diuretics
87
used to treat urinary tract infections
antibiotics
88
medication that blocks the signals that cause urinary incontinence
antispasmodics
89
procedure to remove waste products when the kidneys no longer function
dialysis
90
waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
hemodialysis
91
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
92
surgical fixation of floating kidney
nephropexy
93
placement of catheter to maintain opening from pelvis of one or both kidneys to exterior of the body
nephrostomy
94
surgical incision into renal pelvis
pyelotomy
95
grafting of donor kidney to replace recipient's failed kidney
renal transplantation
96
common kidney stone treatment; uses high-energy
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
97
surgical removal of a nephrolith
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
98
treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter
ureteroscopy
99
surgical removal of a ureter
ureterectomy
100
surgical suturing of a ureter
ureterorrhaphy
101
inserting catheter through the urethra
urethral catheterization
102
inserting a catheter through an incision
suprapubic catheterization
103
inserted as needed several times a day to drain urine from the bladder
intermittent catheter
104
surgical incision in urethral meatus to enlarge opening
meatotomy
105
surgical repair of damage/defect in walls of urethra
urethroplasty
106
surgical incision into urethra to relieve stricture
urethrotomy
107
surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
108
use of resectoscope to remove excess tissue from enlarge prostate gland
transurethral prostatectomy
109
additional treatment for prostate cancer
radiation therapy and hormone therapy
110
may be prescribed approach due to slow progression of prostate cancer
watchful waiting
111
exercises to strengthen muscles of pelvic floor
kegel exercises
112
