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med term > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidneys

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2
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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3
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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4
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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5
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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6
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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7
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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8
Q

process for maintaining a constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

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9
Q

filter blood to remove waste products and excess water from the body

A

kidneys

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10
Q

site of urine production using filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

A

nephrons

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11
Q

outer region of the kidney; contains nephrons

A

renal cortex

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12
Q

inner region of the kidney; contains most urine-collecting tubules; open spaces inside kidney

A

medulla

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13
Q

funnel-shaped area surrounded by renal cortex and renal medulla; site of urine collection before it flows into the ureters

A

renal pelvis

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14
Q

narrow tubes transporting urine from kidneys to bladder, through process of peristalsis

A

ureters

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15
Q

hollow organ that holds urine before it is excreted

A

bladder

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16
Q

tube extending from bladder to exterior of the body

A

urethra

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17
Q

voiding; micturation

A

excretion of urine

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18
Q

any disease of the kidney

A

nephropathy

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19
Q

kidney disease resulting from poorly controlled diabetes

A

diabetic nephropathy

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20
Q

improper function of one or more kidneys

A

renal failure

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21
Q

elevation of the blood urea nitrogen

A

azotemia

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22
Q

results from renal failure; kidney function is compromised; urea and waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

A

uremia (uremic poisoning)

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23
Q

sudden onset and is characterized by uremia

A

acute renal failure

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24
Q

progressive loss of renal function over months or years

A

chronic kidney disease

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25
Q

also known as kidney failure; final stage of chronic kidney disease

A

end-stage renal disease

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26
Q

group of conditions when excessive amounts of protein are lost through urine

A

nephrotic syndrome

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27
Q

excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues as symptom of nephrotic syndrome or other kidney diseases

A

edema

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28
Q

abnormally high concentrations of protein in urine

A

hyperproteinuria

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29
Q

abnormally low concentration of protein in the blood

A

hypoproteinemia

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30
Q

one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

A

ectopic kidney

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31
Q

dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

A

hydronephrosis

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32
Q

inflammation of the glomeruli; red blood cells and proteins leak into urine

A

glomerulonephritis

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33
Q

suppuration of the kidney

A

pyonephrosis

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34
Q

numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

A

polycystic kidney disease

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35
Q

acute pain caused by a blockage during passage of a nephrolith

A

renal colic

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36
Q

abnormal mineral deposit formed within the body

A

kidney stone (calculus or calculi)

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37
Q

presence of stones in the kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

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38
Q

kidney stone found in the kidney

A

nephrolith

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39
Q

stone located anywhere along the ureter

A

ureterolith

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40
Q

stone located within the urinary bladder

A

cystolith

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41
Q

distention (swelling) of the ureter that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

A

hydroureter

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42
Q

blockage of one or both ureters

A

ureteral obstruction

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43
Q

discharge of blood from the ureter

A

ureterorrhagia

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44
Q

pain in the bladder

A

cystalgia; cystodynia

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45
Q

hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

A

cystocele

46
Q

chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

A

interstitial cystitis

47
Q

interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

A

neurogenic bladder

48
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy or an enlarged prostate

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

49
Q

compression/obstruction of the urethra

A

prostatism

50
Q

usually results from bacteria transported in the urine

A

bacterial prostatitis

51
Q

most common cancer among men

A

prostate cancer

52
Q

bleeding from the urethra

A

urethrorrhagia

53
Q

abnormal discharge from urethra

A

urethrorrhea

54
Q

narrowing of urethra due to scar tissue from an infection or injury; exclusive to men

A

urethrostenosis

55
Q

opening of the urethra is located on the upper surface of the penis or in the region of the clitoris

A

epispadias

56
Q

opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis or into the vagina

A

hypospadias

57
Q

systemic bacterial infection

A

urosepsis

58
Q

inflammation of the bladder

A

cystitis

59
Q

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

A

pyelonephritis

60
Q

inflammation of the urethra

A

urethritis

61
Q

absence of urine formation

A

anuria

62
Q

scant urination

A

oliguria

63
Q

increased output of urine

A

diuresis

64
Q

difficult, painful urination

A

dysuria

65
Q

involuntary discharge of urine

A

enuresis

66
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep

67
Q

nocturia

A

frequent, excessive urination during the night

68
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

69
Q

incontinence due to abdominal pressure under stress (weak pelvic floor muscles)

A

stress incontinence

70
Q

incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles

A

urge incontinence

71
Q

incontinence due to blockage of the urethra

A

overflow incontinence

72
Q

incontinence due to impaired functioning of the nervous system

A

neurogenic incontinence

73
Q

examination of urine for the presence of abnormal elements

A

urinalysis

74
Q

blood test; checks kidney function

A

glomerular filtration rate

75
Q

handheld ultrasound transducer

A

bladder ultrasound

76
Q

insertion of a tube into the bladder

A

urinary catheterization

77
Q

examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized type of endoscope

A

cystoscopy

78
Q

radiographic imaging of the abdomen

A

CT scan

79
Q

x-ray or fluoroscopy examination of the bladder; a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter

A

cystography

80
Q

x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures

A

intravenous pyelogram

81
Q

x-ray study without the use of a contrast medium; flat plate of the abdomen

A

KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

82
Q

contrast medium is instilled and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract

A

retrograde pyelogram

83
Q

fluoroscopy used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra

A

voiding cystourethrography

84
Q

palpation of the prostate gland

A

digital rectal examination

85
Q

used to screen for prostate cancer; measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen present in a blood specimen

A

prostate-specific antigen blood test

86
Q

medications used to increase urine secretion

A

diuretics

87
Q

used to treat urinary tract infections

A

antibiotics

88
Q

medication that blocks the signals that cause urinary incontinence

A

antispasmodics

89
Q

procedure to remove waste products when the kidneys no longer function

A

dialysis

90
Q

waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

A

hemodialysis

91
Q

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

A

nephrolysis

92
Q

surgical fixation of floating kidney

A

nephropexy

93
Q

placement of catheter to maintain opening from pelvis of one or both kidneys to exterior of the body

A

nephrostomy

94
Q

surgical incision into renal pelvis

A

pyelotomy

95
Q

grafting of donor kidney to replace recipient’s failed kidney

A

renal transplantation

96
Q

common kidney stone treatment; uses high-energy

A

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

97
Q

surgical removal of a nephrolith

A

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

98
Q

treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter

A

ureteroscopy

99
Q

surgical removal of a ureter

A

ureterectomy

100
Q

surgical suturing of a ureter

A

ureterorrhaphy

101
Q

inserting catheter through the urethra

A

urethral catheterization

102
Q

inserting a catheter through an incision

A

suprapubic catheterization

103
Q

inserted as needed several times a day to drain urine from the bladder

A

intermittent catheter

104
Q

surgical incision in urethral meatus to enlarge opening

A

meatotomy

105
Q

surgical repair of damage/defect in walls of urethra

A

urethroplasty

106
Q

surgical incision into urethra to relieve stricture

A

urethrotomy

107
Q

surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

108
Q

use of resectoscope to remove excess tissue from enlarge prostate gland

A

transurethral prostatectomy

109
Q

additional treatment for prostate cancer

A

radiation therapy and hormone therapy

110
Q

may be prescribed approach due to slow progression of prostate cancer

A

watchful waiting

111
Q

exercises to strengthen muscles of pelvic floor

A

kegel exercises

112
Q
A

med term (7 decks)

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