chapter 15 Flashcards
1
Q
refers to the patient’s expression, tone of voice, mood, and emotions
A
emotional affect
2
Q
the way the patient walks, including gait, any unsteadiness, or possible difficulty
A
ambulation
3
Q
98.6 degrees
A
normal body temp
4
Q
extremely high body temperature
A
hyperthermia
5
Q
abnormally low body temperature
A
hypothermia
6
Q
number of completed breaths per minute
A
respiratory rate
7
Q
listening for sounds within the body
A
auscultation
8
Q
abnormal crackle-like lung sounds
A
rales (crackles)
9
Q
coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat like snoring
A
rhonchi
10
Q
abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sounds caused by a blockage in the throat or the larynx
A
stridor
11
Q
high pitched whistling sound heard during expiration
A
wheezing
12
Q
abnormal sound or murmur heard during the auscultation of an artery
A
bruit
13
Q
abnormal heart sound; most commonly a sign of defective heart sounds
A
heart murmur
14
Q
bowel sounds; absence of these sounds can indicate ileus, which is the stopping of intestinal peristalsis
A
abdominal sounds
15
Q
diagnostic procedure in which the examiner’s hands are used to determine the density of a body area by tapping the surface with the fingers
A
percussion
16
Q
examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts
A
palpation
17
Q
used to examine the interior of the eye
A
ophthalmoscope
18
Q
used to examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane
A
otoscope
19
Q
enlarges the opening of any canal or cavity
A
speculum
20
Q
used to listen to sounds within the body
A
stethoscope
21
Q
puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood
A
phlebotomy
22
Q
puncture of an artery to obtain arterial blood
A
arterial stick
23
Q
used when only a small amount of blood is needed
A
capillary puncture
24
Q
series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions
A
complete blood cell count
25
speed with which red blood cells separate from plasma and fall to the bottom of a specialized test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
26
percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red blood cells
hematocrit
27
measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood
platelet count
28
determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood
red blood cell count
29
usually part of a complete blood count
total hemoglobin test
30
determination of the number of leukocytes un the blood
white blood cell count
31
percentage of total white blood cell count; composed of each of the five types of leukocytes
white blood cell differential count
32
determines compatibility of donor blood and recipient blood before a blood transfusion
crossmatch tests
33
identifies high levels of inflammation within the body
C-reactive protein test
34
cholesterol test
lipid panel
35
coagulation test
prothrombin time
36
measures the ability of the liver to take up, process, and secrete bilirubin into the bile
serum bilirubin test
37
measures the pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels arterial blood
arterial blood gas analysis
38
looking at a single gene in a person's DNA using blood, saliva, hair, amniotic fluid, or other tissue
genetic test
39
uses DNA to identify variants that may increases the risk of certain diseases or disorders; whole genome screening
genome testing
40
screens for urinary and systemic disorders
routine urinalysis
41
4.5 to 8.0 pH
normal pH of urine
42
below 7 pH
acidic urine; indication of acidosis
43
above 7 pH
alkaline urine; indication of UTI
44
low specific gravity (dilute urine)
diabetes insipidus
45
high specific gravity (concentrated urine)
dehydration, liver failure, shock
46
presence of the protein albumin in the urine
albuminuria
47
presence of calcium in the urine
calciuria
48
increased concentration of creatinine in the urine
creatinuria
49
presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
50
presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
51
presence of ketones in the urine
ketonuria
52
presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine
proteinuria
53
presence of pus in the urine
pyuria
54
identifies the cause of a UTI
urine culture and sensitivity test
55
examination of physical and chemical properties in stool
stool analysis
56
tests for which bacteria are present in stool sample
stool gram stain
57
looks for blood in the stool
stool guaiac test
58
analyzes how much fat is in the stool sample to determine how well the body is digesting fat; determines if fat absorption functions of the pancreas and gallbladder are working
fecal fat test
59
small, flexible tube with a light and lens on the end
endoscope
60
examination of the interior of the abdomen; passed through a small incision
laparoscopy
61
explore and examine interior of the abdomen; take specimens to be biopsied
laparoscopic procedures
62
surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdominocentesis
63
puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid
arthrocentesis
64
puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy
cardiocentesis
65
puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid
pericardiocentesis
66
very fine needle inserted through the skin and into the intended fluid or tissue
fine-needle aspiration
67
larger needle used to collect fluid and tissue
core needle biopsy
68
does not allow x-rays to pass through
radiopaque
69
air or nitrogen gas allow x-rays to pass through
radiolucent
70
injected into a vein to make blood flow and organs visible
intravenous contrast medium
71
compound used to visualize the gastrointestinal tract
barium
72
using radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy
interventional radiology
73
placement of the body and body part that is closest to the x-ray film
radiographic positioning
74
film placed and exposed outside of the mouth for dental imagining
extraoral radiography
75
shows all of the structures in both dental arches in a single film
panoramic radiograph
76
film is placed within the mouth and exposed by a camera positioned next to the exterior of the cheek
intraoral radiography
77
imaging that rotates around patient and produces multiple cross-sectional views of the body
CT can
78
combination of radio waves and strong magnetic field
MRI
79
helps located problems within blood vessels throughout the body
MRA
80
visualization of body parts in motion; projects x-ray images
fluoroscopy
81
evaluates fetal development and detects gallstones or blood clots; ultrasound or diagnostic ultrasound
ultrasonography
82
image created by ultrasonography
sonogram
83
used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart
echocardiography
84
used to evaluate heart structures; inserted through the mouth
transesophageal echocardiography
85
medicine used for either diagnostic or treatment purposes and contain radioactive materials called radioisotopes
radiopharmaceuticals
86
imaging that contains radionuclide tracers and emit gamma rays
nuclear imaging
87
nuclear scan that identifies new ares of bone growth or breakdown
bone scan
88
nuclear scan that uses radioactive iodine
thyroid scan
89
produces 3D computer-reconstructed images; shows perfusion through tissues and organs (view the flow of blood through arteries and veins in the brain)
single photon emission computed tomography
90
combines computed tomography with radionuclide tracers
PET scan
91
designed to cut back on medication errors; eliminate some commonly confused abbreviations
Joint Commission "do not use" abbreviations
92
can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional
prescription drug
93
can be purchased without a prescription
over-the-counter drug
94
sold under the name given the drug by the manufacturer (Tylenol)
brand-name drug
95
named for its chemical structure; not protected by a brand name or trademark (acetaminophen)
generic drug
96
class of drugs that relieve pain without affecting consciousness
analgesics
97
reduces pain and fever but does not relieve inflammation
acetaminophen
98
control pain by reducing inflammation
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
99
medication applied to the skin
topical analgesics
100
relieve pain in and near the mouth
oral analgesics
101
device that delivers small electrical impulses
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
102
vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth
inhalation administration
103
medications taken by mouth
oral administration
104
insertion of medication into the rectum
rectal administration
105
placed under the tongue; allowed to dissolve slowly
sublingual administration
106
administered from a patch applied to unbroken skin
transdermal medication
107
injection made into the fatty layer of the skin; at a 45 degree angle
subcutaneous injection
108
made into the middle layers (dermis) of the skin; at a 15 degree angle
intradermal injection
109
made directly into the muscle tissue; at a 90 degree angle
intramuscular injection
110
refers to products prescribed by a doctor that are not medications; may or may not be covered by insurance
durable medical equipment
111
devices that a patient can use to track various signs and symptoms
wearable medical devices
112
conventional (Western) medical practices and health care
allopathic medicine
113
health care used in place of allopathic medicine
alternative medicine
114
health care used to supplement allopathic approaches
complementary medicine
115
both allopathic and alternative medicine
integrative medicine
116
approach that considers the whole body and its environment
holistic
117
actively working toward a state of being in good physical and mental health
wellness
118
traditional Hindu system of medicine
Ayurvedic medicine
119
ancient Chinese medicinal treatments
traditional Chinese medicine
120
study of body movements and physical activity
kinesiology
121
supporting the body's own innate healing ability and the healing power of nature
naturopathy
122
use of plants as a dietary supplement
herbal medicine/phytotherapy
123
use of substances created from plant or mineral products diluted a thousand-fold in water or alcohol
homeopathy
124
patient-guided treatment
biofeedback
125
visualization treatment
guided imagery
126
state of focused concentration
hypnosis
127
awareness of thoughts, emotions, and physiological responses
mindfulness meditation
128
touch therapy
acupressure
129
treatment that uses small needles
acupuncture
130
movement, breathing techniques, and meditation
Qi Gong or Tai Chi
131
transfer of healing energy
Reiki
132
mechanical spinal adjustment
chiropractic manipulative therapy
133
used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath
osteopathic manipulative therapy
134
craniosacral therapy: use of gentle touch to release tension, stress, and trauma
therapeutic massage
135
soft tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points
neuromuscular therapy
136
specialized soft tissue manipulation to ease pain
myofascial release
