Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

med term > nervous system/mental health > Flashcards

nervous system/mental health Flashcards

1
Q

part of the nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

part of nervous system that includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

part of the nervous system that receives and processes information and regulates all activities of the body

A

central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

part of the nervous system that transmits signals to and from the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

neur/i, neur/o

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

one or more bundles of neurons connecting brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

A

nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bundle of nerve fibers located within the brain or spinal cord

A

tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

carry nerve impulses toward the brain

A

ascending nerve tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

carry nerve impulses away from the brain

A

descending nerve tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system

A

ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

supply of nerves to a specific body part

A

innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

network of intersecting spinal nerves

A

plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sites in sensory organs receiving external stimulation

A

receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anything that excites/activated a nerve an causes an impulse

A

stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body

A

reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

basic cells of nervous system

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

associative neurons

A

connecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

part of the neuron that carries impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

branching fibers at the end of an axon that lead a nerve impulse from the axon to the synapse

A

terminal end fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ

A

synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chemical substances allowing messages to cross from synapse of a neuron to a target receptor

A

neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

provide support and protection for neurons (surround neurons and hold them in place, supply nutrients/oxygen, insulate one neuron from another, destroy and remove dead neurons)

A

glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

protective cover made of glial cells

A

myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

white matter

A

myelinated nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

gray matter

A

unmyelinated nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

enclose the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

outermost membrane of the meninges

A

dura matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

second layer of the meninges; resembles spider web

A

arachnoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

inner layer of the meninges; nearest to brain/spinal cord

A

pia matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

clear, watery fluid produced within the four ventricles in the middle region of the cerebrum; cools and cushions brain and spinal cord; nourishes brain and spinal cord by transporting nutrients/chemical messengers to these tissues

A

cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cerebr/o, enchephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

largest and uppermost portion of the brain; responsible for thought, judgment, memory, emotion, integration of motor and sensory functions

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

outer layer of cerebrum; made of gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

folds of gray matter in cerebral cortex

A

gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

fissures of cerebral cortex

A

sulci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

controls skilled motor functions, memory, behavior

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

receives/interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in tongue, skin, and muscles

A

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

controls eyesight

A

occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

controls senses of hearing and smell; controls ability to create, store, and access new information

A

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

located below the cerebrum; relays impulses to and from cerebrum and the sense organs

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

located below the thalamus; regulates autonomic nervous system, emotional responses, body temp, food and water balance, sleep cycle, pituitary gland/endocrine system activity

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

second largest part of the brain; located at the back of the head posterior to the cerebrum; receives messages regarding movement within joints, muscle tone, and position; produces coordinated movements, maintains equilibrium, sustains normal postures

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

stalk-like portion of brain that connects cerebral hemispheres with spinal cord; contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down to almost the bottom of the spine; surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid and meninges; pathway for impulses to and from the brain

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

nerves that originate from under the surface of the brain

A

cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

nerves that are named based on the region they innervate; named for the corresponding vertebrae

A

spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

controls involuntary actions of the body

A

autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

division of the nervous system that controls fight-or-flight response

A

sympathetic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

division of the nervous system that returns the body to normal after a response to stress; maintains body functions

A

parasympathetic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

cephaligia

A

headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

headache often accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light; warning aura may be perceived

A

migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

headaches that repeatedly affect one side of the head

A

cluster headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

congenital herniation of brain tissue through the skull

A

encephalocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

congenital herniation of the meninges through the skull or spinal column

A

meningocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

A

hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

common, slow-growing, and usually benign meninges tumor

A

meningioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord; can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection

A

meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

progressive decline in mental abilities, often accompanied by personality changes

A

dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

due to stroke or other restriction of blood flow to the brain

A

vascular dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

condition associated with swelling of the liver and brain; may follow viral illness treated with aspirin

A

Reye’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

potentially fatal infection of CNS caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria

A

tetanus

66
Q

neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements and sounds

A

Tourette syndrome

67
Q

progressive deterioration that affects memory and reasoning capabilities; leading form of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

68
Q

degenerative disorder leading to progressive loss of the control of movements; due to inadequate level of dopamine

A

Parkinson’s disease

69
Q

rapidly progressive disease attacking nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

A

ALS

70
Q

total or partial inability to recall past experiences

A

amnesia

71
Q

violent shaking or jarring of the brain, which may result in temporary loss of awareness

A

concussion

72
Q

bruising of brain tissue due to brain bouncing off rigid bone of the skull

A

cerebral contusion

73
Q

collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

A

cranial hematoma

74
Q

damage to the brain ranging from mild to severe

A

traumatic brain injury

75
Q

awake, alert, aware, responding appropriately

A

conscious

76
Q

unaware and unable to respond to stimuli

A

unconscious

77
Q

lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

A

lethargy

78
Q

unresponsive; arouses only briefly despite repeated attempts

A

stupor

79
Q

brief loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain; fainting

A

syncope

80
Q

deep state of unconsciousness; no spontaneous eye movements or response to painful stimuli or speech

A

coma

81
Q

alternating wake/sleep cycles, but person remains unconscious

A

vegetative state

82
Q

acute confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking/memory, agitation, and hallucinations

A

delirium

83
Q

tumor that destroys brain tissue, may be primary or secondary

A

malignant brain tumor

84
Q

tumor that does not invade brain tissue, but pressure may damage tissue

A

benign brain tumor

85
Q

amount of pressure inside the skull

A

intracranial pressure

86
Q

cerebrovascular accident; damage to the brain due to disrupted blood flow

A

stroke

87
Q

facial droop, arm drift, speech abnormality, time

A

signs of a stroke

88
Q

type of stroke: obstruction within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain

A

ischemic

89
Q

type of stroke: when a weakened blood vessel ruptures

A

hemorrhagic stroke

90
Q

type of stroke: caused by a temporary clot; “mini stroke”

A

transient ischemic attack

91
Q

prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep

A

insomnia

92
Q

sudden uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

A

narcolepsy

93
Q

lack of restorative sleep resulting in physical or psychiatric symptoms; affects routine performances

A

sleep deprivation

94
Q

sleep walking

A

somnambulism

95
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

96
Q

tumor of the spinal cord

A

myelosis

97
Q

contagious viral infection brainstem and spinal cord; may lead to paralysis

A

poliomyelitis (polio)

98
Q

inflammation of the root of the spinal nerve causing pain and numbness radiating down the affected limb

A

radiculitis

99
Q

progressive autoimmune disorder; demyelination of myelin sheath due to inflammation that scars brain, spinal cord, optic nerves

A

multiple sclerosis

100
Q

inflammation of a nerve

A

neuritis

101
Q

inflammation of myelin sheath of peripheral nerves; muscle weakness leads to temporary paralysis

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

102
Q

temporary paralysis of 7th cranial nerve

A

Bell’s palsy

103
Q

inflammation of sciatic nerve resulting in pain, burning, tingling, along course of the nerve

A

sciatica

104
Q

pain due to inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve

A

trigeminal neuralgia

105
Q

group of disorders caused by damage that affects the cerebrum; usually caused by a brain injury that happens during pregnancy, birth, or soon after birth

A

cerebral palsy

106
Q

recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity

A

epilepsy

107
Q

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain

A

seizure

108
Q

type of seizure that involves the entire body

A

tonic-clonic (grand mal)

109
Q

type of seizure with brief disturbance in brain function; loss of awareness

A

absence seizure

110
Q

type of seizure with repetitive muscle movements

A

focal (partial) seizure

111
Q

convulsions that can happen when a young child has a fever over 100.4 degrees

A

febrile seizure

112
Q

persistent, severe burning pain following injury to the sensory nerve

A

causalgia

113
Q

abnormal/excessive sensitivity to touch, pain or other sensory stimuli

A

hyperesthesia

114
Q

burning, prickling sensation in hands, arms, legs, or feet

A

paresthesia

115
Q

disorders of the peripheral nerves; cause pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles

A

peripheral neuropathy

116
Q

uncomfortable feeling in legs, producing strong urge to move them

A

restless leg syndrome

117
Q

detects changes in the blood flow to the brain

A

functional MRI

118
Q

ultrasound study of the carotid artery

A

carotid ultrasonography

119
Q

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

A

echoencephalography

120
Q

uses electrodes taped to or inserted into the skin

A

electromyography

121
Q

fluoroscopic and CT study

A

myelography

122
Q

obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid

A

lumbar puncture

123
Q

depresses CNS; produces sleep

A

hypnotic

124
Q

prevents seizure

A

anticonvulsant

125
Q

class of drugs producing calming or depressed effect on CNS

A

barbiturates

126
Q

depresses CNS to produce calm and diminished response; does not induce sleep

A

sedative

127
Q

absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain

A

anesthesia

128
Q

induces anesthesia

A

anesthetic

129
Q

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of lumbar or sacral region of the spine

A

epidural

130
Q

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space

A

spinal anestesia

131
Q

stimulator implanted near the collar bone

A

deep brain stimulation

132
Q

radiation treatment for brain tumors

A

gamma knife surgery

133
Q

electroshock therapy

A

electroconvulsive therapy

134
Q

removal of a portion of the brain

A

lobectomy

135
Q

incision into the thalamus to destroy brain cells

A

thalamotomy

136
Q

electomagnetic pulses alter electrical pathways in the brain

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation

137
Q

relieves nerve pain by burning nerves

A

radio frequency ablation; rhizotomy

138
Q

fear of panic attacks

A

panic disorder

139
Q

sudden experience of fear even in the absence of danger

A

panic attack

140
Q

children of normal intelligence having difficulty learning specific skills

A

learning disability

141
Q

significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning present from birth or early infancy

A

intellectual disability

142
Q

difficulty with social relationships/communication skills

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

143
Q

presence of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own characteristics within the same individual

A

dissociative identity disorder

144
Q

repeatedly stealing; neither for personal use nor for the items’ monetary value

A

kleptomania

145
Q

repeated, deliberate fire setting

A

pyromania

146
Q

child or adolescent’s angry, uncooperative, and disruptive behavior; directed toward authority figured, disrupts daily activities

A

oppositional defiant disorder

147
Q

low-grade chronic depression present on the majority of days for two or more years

A

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

148
Q

children with frequent, severe temper outbursts; chronically irritable

A

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

149
Q

depression associated with winter months

A

seasonal affective disorder

150
Q

disregard for the rights of others

A

antisocial personality disorder

151
Q

impulsive actions, mood instability, and chaotic relationships

A

borderline personality disorder

152
Q

preoccupation with self and lack of empathy for others

A

narcissistic personality disorder

153
Q

false personal belief

A

delusion

154
Q

sensory perception experiences in the absence of external stimulation

A

hallucination

155
Q

lack of responsiveness stupor, and tendency to remain in a fixed posture

A

catatonic behavior

156
Q

temporary or ongoing changes in function triggered by psychological factors

A

conversion disorder

157
Q

intentional creation of false or exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms motivated by incentive such as avoiding work

A

malingering

158
Q

sudden, severe mental changes or seizures caused by abrupt withdrawal of alcohol

A

delirium tremens

159
Q

dissatisfaction of gender; feelings can begin in early childhood

A

dysphoria

160
Q

acts primarily on CNS by producing temporary changes affecting mind, emotions, and behavior

A

psychotropic drug

161
Q
A

med term (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions