reproductive system Flashcards
1
Q
pen/I, phall/i
A
penis
2
Q
orch/o, orchid/o
A
testicles
3
Q
test/i, test/o
A
testicles
4
Q
oophor/o
A
ovaries
5
Q
ovari/o
A
ovaries
6
Q
salping/o
A
fallopian tubes
7
Q
hyster/o
A
uterus
8
Q
metr/o, metri/o
A
uterus
9
Q
uter/o
A
uterus
10
Q
colp/o
A
vagina
11
Q
vagin/o
A
vagina
12
Q
placent/o
A
placenta
13
Q
organs of reproduction and their associated structures
A
genitalia
14
Q
extends from scrotum to the area around the anus
A
male perineum
15
Q
extends from pubic symphysis to the area around the anus
A
female perineum
16
Q
produce sperm and deliver them into female body for union with ovum to create new life
A
male reproductive system
17
Q
penis and scrotum
A
external male genetalia
18
Q
sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports testicles; suspended from pubic arch behind the penis and lies between the thighs
A
scrotum
19
Q
two egg-shaped glands that produce sperm
A
testicles
20
Q
site of sperm formation
A
seminiferous tubules
21
Q
coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle; descends the length of the testicle, then moves upward to merge into vas deferens
A
epididymis
22
Q
attached to each testicle; extends upward from epididymis; contains vas deferens plus arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels for each testicle
A
spermatic cord
23
Q
sensitive region at the tip of the penis
A
glans
24
Q
retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane; prepuce
A
foreskin
25
located on the base of urinary bladder; opens into vas deferens; secrete yellow substance to nourish sperm cells
seminal vesicles
26
long, narrow continuation of each epididymus; leads upward and join the urethra
vas deferens
27
begins at vas deferens, passes through prostate gland, empties into urethra, reflex action pushes semen into urethra and out of the body
ejaculatory duct
28
lies under the bladder; surrounds end of urethra where vas deferens enters urethra; secretes thick, alkaline fluid into semen aiding motility of sperm during ejaculation
prostate gland
29
located just below the prostate gland; open into urethra; secrete pre-ejaculatory fluid helping flush any residual urine or foreign matter in urethra
bulbourethral glands
30
passes through the penis to the outside of the body
urethra
31
whitish fluid containing sperm
semen
32
process of sperm formation
spermatogenesis
33
inflammation of the glans penis
balantis
34
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin
phimosis
35
penis is bent or curved during erection
Peyronie's disease
36
inability to achieve or maintain penile erection
erectile dysfunction
37
painful and persistent erection lasting 4 or more hours
priapism
38
male reaches climax too soon
premature ejaculation
39
absence of one or more testes
anchorism
40
inflammation of the epididymis resulting from a bacterial infection
epididymitis
41
fluid-filled sac in scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
hydrocele
42
undescended testicle
cryptorchidism
43
cancer that begins in the testicles
testicular cancer
44
twisting of vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle
testicular torsion
45
inflammation of testicles
testitis/orchitis
46
knot of widening varicose veins on one side of the scrotum
varicocele
47
normal range of sperm count
15-200 million per milliliter of semen
48
absence of sperm in semen
azoospermia
49
sperm count below 15 million/mL
oligospermia
50
presence of blood in seminal fluid
hematospermia
51
testing of freshly ejaculated sperm; determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm
sperm count
52
self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer
testicular self-exam
53
removal of the foreskin of the penis
circumcision
54
removal of one or both testicles
orchiectomy
55
repair of cryptorchidism
orchiopexy
56
removal of a portion of an enlarged being to relieve a varicocele
varicocelectomy
57
bilateral orchiectomy; removal or destruction of both testicles
castration
58
sterilizing procedure; blocking or cutting vas deferens
vasectomy
59
vasectomy reversal
vasovasostomy
60
allows a man to freeze his sperm indefinitely
cryopreservation
61
drugs such as Viagra; treat erectile dysfunction
PDE5 inhibitors
62
infections caused by bacteria or virus
STD/STI
63
infection with Chlamydia trachomatis; most common STD in the US
chlamydia
64
overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina
bacterial vaginosis
65
caused by herpes simplex virus
genital herpes
66
caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV)
genital warts
67
caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium; infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract
gonorrhea
68
transmitted through infected bodily fluids
HIV
69
caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum
syphilis
70
made of fat, connective tissue, and mammary glands
breasts
71
milk-producing glands that develop during puberty
mammary glands
72
carry milk from mammary glands to the nipple
lactiferous ducts
73
dark-pigmented area surrounding the nipple
areola
74
protect external genitalia and urethral meatus
labia majora and labia minora
75
female erectile tissue
clitoris
76
lubricate vaginal orifice
Bartholin's glands
77
muscular tube extending from cervix to the outside of the body; lined with mucosa
vagina
78
pear-shaped organ with muscular walls and mucous membrane lining; located between urinary bladder and rectum
uterus
79
bulging, rounded part of uterus
fundus
80
body of the uterus
corpus
81
lower, narrow portion of the uterus
cervix
82
extend from upper end of uterus to the point near but not attached to an ovary; carry sperm upward from uterus toward descending mate ovum to allow fertilization
fallopian tubes
83
funnel-shaped opening into fallopian tube near the ovary
infundibulum
84
finger-like extensions that catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary
fimbriae
85
small, almond-shaped organs located in lower abdomen on either side of the uterus
ovaries
86
fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum
follicle
87
female gametes (eggs)
ova
88
normal periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from uterus
menstruation
89
menses, follicular, ovulation, luteal
4 phases of menstruation
90
beginning of menstruation; average age in the US is 12 years
menarche
91
normal termination of menstruation during middle age; considered confirmed if the woman has not had a menstrual period for 1 year
menopause
92
transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
perimenopause
93
release of a mature egg from a follicle
ovulation
94
secretes progesterone during second half of menstrual cycle
corpus luteum
95
sloughs off as menstrual flow occurs
endometrium lining
96
one sperm penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, forming a zygote
conception
97
embedding of the zygote into the lining of the uterus
implantation
98
baby in utero from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth
fetus
99
fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm; divides to form two embryos
identical twins
100
fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm
fraternal twins
101
thin outer membrane that encloses an embryo
chorion
102
temporary organ; allows exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products
placenta
103
tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to a developing baby
umbilical cord
104
innermost membrane surrounding an embryo in the uterus
amniotic sac
105
fluid-filled space between the embryo and the amniotic sac
amniotic cavity
106
liquid that protects a fetus and makes possible its floating movements
amniotic fluid
107
approximately 280 days (40 weeks)
gestation
108
last menstrual period plus one year minus 3 months plus 7 days
estimated date of delivery
109
first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother
quickening
110
not true labor pain
Braxton Hicks contractions
111
final stage of pregnancy just before the onset of labor
antepartum
112
refers to a woman who is 35 or older at the time of pregnancy
advanced maternal age
113
woman who has never been pregnant
nulligravida
114
woman who has never borne a viable child
nullipara
115
woman during her first pregnancy
primigravida
116
woman who is giving birth to a viable child first time
primipara
117
woman who has given birth two or more times
multiparous
118
contractions, dilation, effacement
first stage of childbirth
119
active labor, cephalic presentation (crowning), delivery
second stage of childbirth
120
expulsion of placenta
third stage of childbirth
121
time from delivery of placenta to approximately first six weeks
puerperium
122
postpartum vaginal discharge that continues 4-6 weeks after childbirth
lochia
123
loch-
childbirth
124
return of uterus to normal size/condition
uterine involution
125
specialized form of breast milk that delivers nutrients/antibodies to the newborn; produced during late pregnancy and first few days after giving birth
colostrum
126
process of forming and secreting milk from breasts; milk develops few days after giving birth and replaces colostrum
lactation
127
feelings of sadness and loss of pleasure in normal activities occurring shortly after giving birth
postpartum depression
128
a baby who is four weeks old or younger
neonate
129
greasy substance that protects a fetus in utero
vernix
130
first feces of a newborn
meconium
131
evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color
Apgar score
132
absence of ovulation
anovulation
133
inflammation of the ovary
oophoritis
134
cancer that originates within the cells of the ovaries
ovarian cancer
135
inflammation of the female reproductive organs
pelvic inflammatory disease
136
benign tumor containing various tissues; teratoma
dermoid cyst
137
fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary
ovarian cysts
138
syndrome that causes a hormone imbalance and irregular menstrual cycles
polycystic ovary syndrome
139
accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
140
inflammation of a fallopian tube
salpingitis
141
patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
endometriosis
142
cancerous growth that begins in the lining of the uterus
endometrial cancer
143
benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; myoma
uterine fibroid
144
weakening of pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues; uterus slides into the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
uterine prolapse; pelvic floor hernia
145
a slow-growing squamous cell cancer
cervical cancer
146
inflammation of the cervix, usually caused by infection, irritation, or allergies
cervicitis; endocervicitis
147
presence of precancerous changes in the cervix
cervical dysplasia
148
thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls; often occurs after menopause
vaginal atrophy
149
yeast infection in the vagina
vaginal candidiasis
150
involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles, which close off the vagina
vaginismus
151
rupture of the vaginal vault
colporrhexis
152
pain during sexual intercourse
dyspareunia
153
whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina
leukorrhea
154
feminine itch of the external genitalia
pruritus vulvae
155
painful syndrome of the female external genitalia with an unknown cause; lasts at least 3 months
vulvodynia
156
inflammation of the vulva
vulvitis
157
round, firm, rubbery mass in the breast
fibroadenoma
158
presence of fibrous tissue and benign cysts in the breast
fibrocystic breasts
159
production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding
galactorrhea
160
pain in the breast
mastalgia
161
breast infection caused by bacteria that enter the mammary glands
mastitis
162
abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more
amenorrhea
163
painful menstrual periods which are caused by uterine contractions
dysmenorrhea
164
involuntary bleeding; any bleeding from the vagina that varies from a woman's normal menstrual cycle
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
165
excessive amount of menstrual flow
menorrhagia
166
unusually small amount of menstrual flow
hypomenorrhea
167
infrequent menstruation
oligomenorrhea
168
spotting; intermenstrual bleeding
menometrorrhagia
169
menstrual cycles more frequent than is normal
polymenorrhea
170
ovaries cease functioning before age 40
premature menopause
171
symptoms experienced before menstruation
premenstrual syndrome
172
severe emotional and physical problems; closely linked to the menstrual cycles
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
173
interruption or termination of pregnancy
abortion
174
fertilized egg implants outside of uterus
ectopic pregnancy
175
inability to become pregnant
infertility
176
pregnancy-induced hypertension
preeclampsia/eclampsia
177
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count
HELLP
178
presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells; Rh- mother and Rh+ baby: mother can develop antibodies (allergic response)
Rh factor
179
placenta separates from the uterine wall
abruptio placentae
180
buttocks or feet are positioned to enter the birth canal first
breech presentation
181
abnormal placenta implantation; partially or completely covering cervix
placenta previa
182
fetus born before the 37th week of gestation
premature infant
183
birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery
stillbirth
184
rapid change in hormone levels after giving birth
depression
185
feelings of sadness and loss of pleasure in normal activities; lasts beyond two weeks
postpartum depression
186
often follow delivery; lasts 2 weeks
baby blues
187
direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva
colposcopy
188
performed to determine the cause of pelvic pain, infertility, or abnormal vaignal bleeding
endovaginal ultrasound
189
x-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysterosalpingography
190
direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes
hysteroscopy
191
exfoliative biopsy of the cervix; detects early indicators of cervical cancer
pap smear
192
detect human chorionic gonadotropin
pregnancy test
193
screening performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy; includes an ultrasound and blood test; checks for increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities
first trimester screening
194
performed between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy; checks for genetic abnormalities
chorionic villus sampling
195
surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid
amniocentesis
196
measurement of the female pelvis
pelivmetry
197
barrier contraceptive inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix
diaphragm
198
contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus
IUD
199
barrier contraceptive used by the man to prevent sperm from entering the vagina
condom
200
hormones administered as an oral contraceptive
birth control pills
201
estrogen and progesterone; replaces hormones after perimenopause
hormone replacement therapy
202
surgical removal of one or both ovaries
oophorectomy
203
surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes
salpingectomy
204
having "tubes tied"; surgical sterilization procedure
tubal ligation
205
surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina
colpopexy
206
conization
cone biopsy; cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix
207
surgical suturing of a tear in the vaginal wall
colporrhaphy
208
endometrium of the uterus is scraped away
dilation and curettage (D&C)
209
surgical removal of uterine fibroids
myomectomy
210
removal of the female internal reproductive system
hysterectomy
211
performed to increase breast size, often for cosmetic reasons
breast augmentation
212
performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts
breast reduction
213
breast lift
mastopexy
214
delivery through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls
cesarean section
215
incision made into the perineum
episiotomy
216
repair of an episiotomy
episorrhaphy
217
fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly into the cervix or uterus
artificial insemination
218
