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med term > reproductive system > Flashcards

reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

pen/I, phall/i

A

penis

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2
Q

orch/o, orchid/o

A

testicles

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3
Q

test/i, test/o

A

testicles

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4
Q

oophor/o

A

ovaries

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5
Q

ovari/o

A

ovaries

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6
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tubes

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7
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

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8
Q

metr/o, metri/o

A

uterus

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9
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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10
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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11
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

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12
Q

placent/o

A

placenta

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13
Q

organs of reproduction and their associated structures

A

genitalia

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14
Q

extends from scrotum to the area around the anus

A

male perineum

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15
Q

extends from pubic symphysis to the area around the anus

A

female perineum

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16
Q

produce sperm and deliver them into female body for union with ovum to create new life

A

male reproductive system

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17
Q

penis and scrotum

A

external male genetalia

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18
Q

sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports testicles; suspended from pubic arch behind the penis and lies between the thighs

A

scrotum

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19
Q

two egg-shaped glands that produce sperm

A

testicles

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20
Q

site of sperm formation

A

seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle; descends the length of the testicle, then moves upward to merge into vas deferens

A

epididymis

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22
Q

attached to each testicle; extends upward from epididymis; contains vas deferens plus arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatic vessels for each testicle

A

spermatic cord

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23
Q

sensitive region at the tip of the penis

A

glans

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24
Q

retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane; prepuce

A

foreskin

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25
Q

located on the base of urinary bladder; opens into vas deferens; secrete yellow substance to nourish sperm cells

A

seminal vesicles

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26
Q

long, narrow continuation of each epididymus; leads upward and join the urethra

A

vas deferens

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27
Q

begins at vas deferens, passes through prostate gland, empties into urethra, reflex action pushes semen into urethra and out of the body

A

ejaculatory duct

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28
Q

lies under the bladder; surrounds end of urethra where vas deferens enters urethra; secretes thick, alkaline fluid into semen aiding motility of sperm during ejaculation

A

prostate gland

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29
Q

located just below the prostate gland; open into urethra; secrete pre-ejaculatory fluid helping flush any residual urine or foreign matter in urethra

A

bulbourethral glands

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30
Q

passes through the penis to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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31
Q

whitish fluid containing sperm

A

semen

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32
Q

process of sperm formation

A

spermatogenesis

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33
Q

inflammation of the glans penis

A

balantis

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34
Q

narrowing of the opening of the foreskin

A

phimosis

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35
Q

penis is bent or curved during erection

A

Peyronie’s disease

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36
Q

inability to achieve or maintain penile erection

A

erectile dysfunction

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37
Q

painful and persistent erection lasting 4 or more hours

A

priapism

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38
Q

male reaches climax too soon

A

premature ejaculation

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39
Q

absence of one or more testes

A

anchorism

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40
Q

inflammation of the epididymis resulting from a bacterial infection

A

epididymitis

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41
Q

fluid-filled sac in scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

A

hydrocele

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42
Q

undescended testicle

A

cryptorchidism

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43
Q

cancer that begins in the testicles

A

testicular cancer

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44
Q

twisting of vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

A

testicular torsion

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45
Q

inflammation of testicles

A

testitis/orchitis

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46
Q

knot of widening varicose veins on one side of the scrotum

A

varicocele

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47
Q

normal range of sperm count

A

15-200 million per milliliter of semen

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48
Q

absence of sperm in semen

A

azoospermia

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49
Q

sperm count below 15 million/mL

A

oligospermia

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50
Q

presence of blood in seminal fluid

A

hematospermia

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51
Q

testing of freshly ejaculated sperm; determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

A

sperm count

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52
Q

self-help step in early detection of testicular cancer

A

testicular self-exam

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53
Q

removal of the foreskin of the penis

A

circumcision

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54
Q

removal of one or both testicles

A

orchiectomy

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55
Q

repair of cryptorchidism

A

orchiopexy

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56
Q

removal of a portion of an enlarged being to relieve a varicocele

A

varicocelectomy

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57
Q

bilateral orchiectomy; removal or destruction of both testicles

A

castration

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58
Q

sterilizing procedure; blocking or cutting vas deferens

A

vasectomy

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59
Q

vasectomy reversal

A

vasovasostomy

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60
Q

allows a man to freeze his sperm indefinitely

A

cryopreservation

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61
Q

drugs such as Viagra; treat erectile dysfunction

A

PDE5 inhibitors

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62
Q

infections caused by bacteria or virus

A

STD/STI

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63
Q

infection with Chlamydia trachomatis; most common STD in the US

A

chlamydia

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64
Q

overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina

A

bacterial vaginosis

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65
Q

caused by herpes simplex virus

A

genital herpes

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66
Q

caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV)

A

genital warts

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67
Q

caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium; infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract

A

gonorrhea

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68
Q

transmitted through infected bodily fluids

A

HIV

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69
Q

caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum

A

syphilis

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70
Q

made of fat, connective tissue, and mammary glands

A

breasts

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71
Q

milk-producing glands that develop during puberty

A

mammary glands

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72
Q

carry milk from mammary glands to the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

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73
Q

dark-pigmented area surrounding the nipple

A

areola

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74
Q

protect external genitalia and urethral meatus

A

labia majora and labia minora

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75
Q

female erectile tissue

A

clitoris

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76
Q

lubricate vaginal orifice

A

Bartholin’s glands

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77
Q

muscular tube extending from cervix to the outside of the body; lined with mucosa

A

vagina

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78
Q

pear-shaped organ with muscular walls and mucous membrane lining; located between urinary bladder and rectum

A

uterus

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79
Q

bulging, rounded part of uterus

A

fundus

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80
Q

body of the uterus

A

corpus

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81
Q

lower, narrow portion of the uterus

A

cervix

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82
Q

extend from upper end of uterus to the point near but not attached to an ovary; carry sperm upward from uterus toward descending mate ovum to allow fertilization

A

fallopian tubes

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83
Q

funnel-shaped opening into fallopian tube near the ovary

A

infundibulum

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84
Q

finger-like extensions that catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary

A

fimbriae

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85
Q

small, almond-shaped organs located in lower abdomen on either side of the uterus

A

ovaries

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86
Q

fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum

A

follicle

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87
Q

female gametes (eggs)

A

ova

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88
Q

normal periodic discharge of the endometrial lining and unfertilized egg from uterus

A

menstruation

89
Q

menses, follicular, ovulation, luteal

A

4 phases of menstruation

90
Q

beginning of menstruation; average age in the US is 12 years

A

menarche

91
Q

normal termination of menstruation during middle age; considered confirmed if the woman has not had a menstrual period for 1 year

A

menopause

92
Q

transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

A

perimenopause

93
Q

release of a mature egg from a follicle

A

ovulation

94
Q

secretes progesterone during second half of menstrual cycle

A

corpus luteum

95
Q

sloughs off as menstrual flow occurs

A

endometrium lining

96
Q

one sperm penetrates and fertilizes the ovum, forming a zygote

A

conception

97
Q

embedding of the zygote into the lining of the uterus

A

implantation

98
Q

baby in utero from the 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth

A

fetus

99
Q

fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm; divides to form two embryos

A

identical twins

100
Q

fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm

A

fraternal twins

101
Q

thin outer membrane that encloses an embryo

A

chorion

102
Q

temporary organ; allows exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products

A

placenta

103
Q

tube that carries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to a developing baby

A

umbilical cord

104
Q

innermost membrane surrounding an embryo in the uterus

A

amniotic sac

105
Q

fluid-filled space between the embryo and the amniotic sac

A

amniotic cavity

106
Q

liquid that protects a fetus and makes possible its floating movements

A

amniotic fluid

107
Q

approximately 280 days (40 weeks)

A

gestation

108
Q

last menstrual period plus one year minus 3 months plus 7 days

A

estimated date of delivery

109
Q

first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by the mother

A

quickening

110
Q

not true labor pain

A

Braxton Hicks contractions

111
Q

final stage of pregnancy just before the onset of labor

A

antepartum

112
Q

refers to a woman who is 35 or older at the time of pregnancy

A

advanced maternal age

113
Q

woman who has never been pregnant

A

nulligravida

114
Q

woman who has never borne a viable child

A

nullipara

115
Q

woman during her first pregnancy

A

primigravida

116
Q

woman who is giving birth to a viable child first time

A

primipara

117
Q

woman who has given birth two or more times

A

multiparous

118
Q

contractions, dilation, effacement

A

first stage of childbirth

119
Q

active labor, cephalic presentation (crowning), delivery

A

second stage of childbirth

120
Q

expulsion of placenta

A

third stage of childbirth

121
Q

time from delivery of placenta to approximately first six weeks

A

puerperium

122
Q

postpartum vaginal discharge that continues 4-6 weeks after childbirth

A

lochia

123
Q

loch-

A

childbirth

124
Q

return of uterus to normal size/condition

A

uterine involution

125
Q

specialized form of breast milk that delivers nutrients/antibodies to the newborn; produced during late pregnancy and first few days after giving birth

A

colostrum

126
Q

process of forming and secreting milk from breasts; milk develops few days after giving birth and replaces colostrum

A

lactation

127
Q

feelings of sadness and loss of pleasure in normal activities occurring shortly after giving birth

A

postpartum depression

128
Q

a baby who is four weeks old or younger

A

neonate

129
Q

greasy substance that protects a fetus in utero

A

vernix

130
Q

first feces of a newborn

A

meconium

131
Q

evaluates heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color

A

Apgar score

132
Q

absence of ovulation

A

anovulation

133
Q

inflammation of the ovary

A

oophoritis

134
Q

cancer that originates within the cells of the ovaries

A

ovarian cancer

135
Q

inflammation of the female reproductive organs

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

136
Q

benign tumor containing various tissues; teratoma

A

dermoid cyst

137
Q

fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary

A

ovarian cysts

138
Q

syndrome that causes a hormone imbalance and irregular menstrual cycles

A

polycystic ovary syndrome

139
Q

accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube

A

pyosalpinx

140
Q

inflammation of a fallopian tube

A

salpingitis

141
Q

patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

A

endometriosis

142
Q

cancerous growth that begins in the lining of the uterus

A

endometrial cancer

143
Q

benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue; myoma

A

uterine fibroid

144
Q

weakening of pelvic floor muscles and supportive tissues; uterus slides into the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

A

uterine prolapse; pelvic floor hernia

145
Q

a slow-growing squamous cell cancer

A

cervical cancer

146
Q

inflammation of the cervix, usually caused by infection, irritation, or allergies

A

cervicitis; endocervicitis

147
Q

presence of precancerous changes in the cervix

A

cervical dysplasia

148
Q

thinning, drying, and inflammation of the vaginal walls; often occurs after menopause

A

vaginal atrophy

149
Q

yeast infection in the vagina

A

vaginal candidiasis

150
Q

involuntary spasm of the pelvic floor muscles, which close off the vagina

A

vaginismus

151
Q

rupture of the vaginal vault

A

colporrhexis

152
Q

pain during sexual intercourse

A

dyspareunia

153
Q

whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina

A

leukorrhea

154
Q

feminine itch of the external genitalia

A

pruritus vulvae

155
Q

painful syndrome of the female external genitalia with an unknown cause; lasts at least 3 months

A

vulvodynia

156
Q

inflammation of the vulva

A

vulvitis

157
Q

round, firm, rubbery mass in the breast

A

fibroadenoma

158
Q

presence of fibrous tissue and benign cysts in the breast

A

fibrocystic breasts

159
Q

production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding

A

galactorrhea

160
Q

pain in the breast

A

mastalgia

161
Q

breast infection caused by bacteria that enter the mammary glands

A

mastitis

162
Q

abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

A

amenorrhea

163
Q

painful menstrual periods which are caused by uterine contractions

A

dysmenorrhea

164
Q

involuntary bleeding; any bleeding from the vagina that varies from a woman’s normal menstrual cycle

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

165
Q

excessive amount of menstrual flow

A

menorrhagia

166
Q

unusually small amount of menstrual flow

A

hypomenorrhea

167
Q

infrequent menstruation

A

oligomenorrhea

168
Q

spotting; intermenstrual bleeding

A

menometrorrhagia

169
Q

menstrual cycles more frequent than is normal

A

polymenorrhea

170
Q

ovaries cease functioning before age 40

A

premature menopause

171
Q

symptoms experienced before menstruation

A

premenstrual syndrome

172
Q

severe emotional and physical problems; closely linked to the menstrual cycles

A

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

173
Q

interruption or termination of pregnancy

A

abortion

174
Q

fertilized egg implants outside of uterus

A

ectopic pregnancy

175
Q

inability to become pregnant

A

infertility

176
Q

pregnancy-induced hypertension

A

preeclampsia/eclampsia

177
Q

hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count

A

HELLP

178
Q

presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells; Rh- mother and Rh+ baby: mother can develop antibodies (allergic response)

A

Rh factor

179
Q

placenta separates from the uterine wall

A

abruptio placentae

180
Q

buttocks or feet are positioned to enter the birth canal first

A

breech presentation

181
Q

abnormal placenta implantation; partially or completely covering cervix

A

placenta previa

182
Q

fetus born before the 37th week of gestation

A

premature infant

183
Q

birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery

A

stillbirth

184
Q

rapid change in hormone levels after giving birth

A

depression

185
Q

feelings of sadness and loss of pleasure in normal activities; lasts beyond two weeks

A

postpartum depression

186
Q

often follow delivery; lasts 2 weeks

A

baby blues

187
Q

direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix, vagina, and vulva

A

colposcopy

188
Q

performed to determine the cause of pelvic pain, infertility, or abnormal vaignal bleeding

A

endovaginal ultrasound

189
Q

x-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

A

hysterosalpingography

190
Q

direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

A

hysteroscopy

191
Q

exfoliative biopsy of the cervix; detects early indicators of cervical cancer

A

pap smear

192
Q

detect human chorionic gonadotropin

A

pregnancy test

193
Q

screening performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy; includes an ultrasound and blood test; checks for increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities

A

first trimester screening

194
Q

performed between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy; checks for genetic abnormalities

A

chorionic villus sampling

195
Q

surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

196
Q

measurement of the female pelvis

A

pelivmetry

197
Q

barrier contraceptive inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix

A

diaphragm

198
Q

contraceptive inserted through the cervix into the uterus

A

IUD

199
Q

barrier contraceptive used by the man to prevent sperm from entering the vagina

A

condom

200
Q

hormones administered as an oral contraceptive

A

birth control pills

201
Q

estrogen and progesterone; replaces hormones after perimenopause

A

hormone replacement therapy

202
Q

surgical removal of one or both ovaries

A

oophorectomy

203
Q

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

A

salpingectomy

204
Q

having “tubes tied”; surgical sterilization procedure

A

tubal ligation

205
Q

surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina

A

colpopexy

206
Q

conization

A

cone biopsy; cone-shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

207
Q

surgical suturing of a tear in the vaginal wall

A

colporrhaphy

208
Q

endometrium of the uterus is scraped away

A

dilation and curettage (D&C)

209
Q

surgical removal of uterine fibroids

A

myomectomy

210
Q

removal of the female internal reproductive system

A

hysterectomy

211
Q

performed to increase breast size, often for cosmetic reasons

A

breast augmentation

212
Q

performed to decrease and reshape excessively large, heavy breasts

A

breast reduction

213
Q

breast lift

A

mastopexy

214
Q

delivery through an incision in the maternal abdominal and uterine walls

A

cesarean section

215
Q

incision made into the perineum

A

episiotomy

216
Q

repair of an episiotomy

A

episorrhaphy

217
Q

fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly into the cervix or uterus

A

artificial insemination

218
Q
A

med term (7 decks)

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