Urinary System Flashcards
What is the function of the glomerulus
filtration
epithelium of glomerulus
fenestrated squamous epithelium
function of Bowman’s capsule?
collects filtrate
What type of cells eipthelium in the Bowman’s capsule
simple squamous
function of the Proximal convoluted tubule?
Reabsorption
Type of epithelium in the PCT?
Simple cubiodal with microvilli
function of the loop of Henle?
reabsorption
type of epithelium in the thick descending LoH?
simple cuboidal
type of epithelium in the thin (descending and ascending) LoH?
simple squamous
type of epithelium in the thick ascending LoH?
simple cuboidal
function of the distal convoluted tubule?
reabsorption
type of epithelium in the DCT?
simple cuboidal
function of Macula Densa cells
sense [Na+]
function of the collecting ducts?
reabsorb H20, pH balance
epithelium of the collecting ducts?
simple cuboidal -> simple columnar
significance of podocytes?
keep the shape/lumen size of the arteriole in glomerulus from stretching from the increased pressure while still allowing spaces for the filtrate to pass through
What are podocytes?
complex epithelial cells that cover each capillary forming filtration slits between interdigitating processes
At which region of the nephron listed below will you find MOST of the H2O being re-absorbed?
a. At the distal convoluted tubule
b. At the ascending loop of Henle
c. At the descending loop of Henle
d. At the collecting ducts
a
Which of the following conditions would NOT be expected to increase the amount of filtrate produced at a glomerulus?
a. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
b. Increased cardiac output
c. Increased blood pressure in renal arteries
d. Increased intravascular blood volume
a
Where can you typically visualize the macula densa cells?
a. At the cortico-medullary junction
b. Near the vascular pole of the glomerulus
c. As part of the collecting ducts
d. In the outer medulla
b
The proximal convoluted tubules and proximal thick tubules of the nephron have specializations to increase surface area for re-absorbtion. What is this specialization?
a. They have cilia on their apical regions
b. The epithelium is pseudostratified columnar
c. The epithelium is simple squamous
d. They have a brush border
d
What is one unique feature of the ureters of the equine that most other species lack?
a. The equine has glands in the walls of the ureters that make the urine of these animals cloudy and foamy.
b. The equine ureter has a different type of epithelium than other species.
c. The equine ureter epithelium has a brush border.
d. The equine ureters have one-way valves (similar to vein valves) to prevent backflow of urine into the kidneys.
a
Identify the CORRECT statement about the urinary bladder from the choices below:
a. The urinary bladder contains skeletal muscle throughout its wall.
b. There is no muscle or elastic tissue within the urinary bladder wall.
c. The detrusor muscle is smooth muscle.
d. There is no muscular tissue within the wall of the urinary bladder, it is all elastic tissue.
c
What type of epithelium does the urinary bladder have?
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Simple columnar
d. Transitional
d
Where is the PCT located?
within the renal cortex
Where is most of the water reabsoprtion occuring?
proximal tubule and descending loop
Which type of nephron tends to have larger LoH? (cortical or juxtamedullary)
Juxtamedullary
What is the significance of having a longer LoH?
the deeper into the medulla the LoH goes, the more concentrated the filtrate will become
What do juxtaglomerular cells do?
secrete renin which acts on the endocrine system and ultimatley causes an increase in GFR
Elevated [Na+] at the JG apparatus leads to?
inhibition of renin from JG cells -> contraction of afferent arteriole –> less blood flow through kidneys –> decreased GFR
low [Na+] at the JG apparatus leads to ?
renin release from JG cells –> dilation of afferent arterioles –> more blood flow through kidneys –> increased GFR
How would you recognize collecting ducts on a slide?
there are distinct lateral boundaries between cells
What hormone controls the collecting ducts?
ADH
What does ADH do?
stimulates reabsorption of H2O
What does Aldosterone do?
increases Na+ reabsorption
What is the main blood supply to the kidneys?
Renal artery
significance of the vasa recta?
where reabsorption occurs, returning substances back to the blood
In which location (A, B, C, or D) would you expect to find the distal convoluted tubules?
A
In which location (A, B, C, or D) would you expect to find the papillary ducts?
C
The tubules shown here (on both longitudinal- and cross-section) are best described as:
Just to be clear, in the longitudinal section the cells that make up the tubules I am asking about are indicated by the black arrows.
a. Collecting ducts
b. Thick ascending tubules
c. Thick descending tubules
d. Arterioles
a
b
