Urinary System

Question 1

What is the function of the glomerulus

Answer 1

filtration

Question 2

epithelium of glomerulus

Answer 2

fenestrated squamous epithelium

Question 3

function of Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 3

collects filtrate

Question 4

What type of cells eipthelium in the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 4

simple squamous

Question 5

function of the Proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 5

Reabsorption

Question 6

Type of epithelium in the PCT?

Answer 6

Simple cubiodal with microvilli

Question 7

function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 7

reabsorption

Question 8

type of epithelium in the thick descending LoH?

Answer 8

simple cuboidal

Question 9

type of epithelium in the thin (descending and ascending) LoH?

Answer 9

simple squamous

Question 10

type of epithelium in the thick ascending LoH?

Answer 10

simple cuboidal

Question 11

function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 11

reabsorption

Question 12

type of epithelium in the DCT?

Answer 12

simple cuboidal

Question 13

function of Macula Densa cells

Answer 13

sense [Na+]

Question 14

function of the collecting ducts?

Answer 14

reabsorb H20, pH balance

Question 15

epithelium of the collecting ducts?

Answer 15

simple cuboidal -> simple columnar

Question 16

significance of podocytes?

Answer 16

keep the shape/lumen size of the arteriole in glomerulus from stretching from the increased pressure while still allowing spaces for the filtrate to pass through

Question 17

What are podocytes?

Answer 17

complex epithelial cells that cover each capillary forming filtration slits between interdigitating processes

Question 18

At which region of the nephron listed below will you find MOST of the H2O being re-absorbed?
a. At the distal convoluted tubule
b. At the ascending loop of Henle
c. At the descending loop of Henle
d. At the collecting ducts

Answer 18

a

Question 19

Which of the following conditions would NOT be expected to increase the amount of filtrate produced at a glomerulus?
a. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
b. Increased cardiac output
c. Increased blood pressure in renal arteries
d. Increased intravascular blood volume

Answer 19

a

Question 20

Where can you typically visualize the macula densa cells?
a. At the cortico-medullary junction
b. Near the vascular pole of the glomerulus
c. As part of the collecting ducts
d. In the outer medulla

Answer 20

b

Question 21

The proximal convoluted tubules and proximal thick tubules of the nephron have specializations to increase surface area for re-absorbtion. What is this specialization?
a. They have cilia on their apical regions
b. The epithelium is pseudostratified columnar
c. The epithelium is simple squamous
d. They have a brush border

Answer 21

d

Question 22

What is one unique feature of the ureters of the equine that most other species lack?

a. The equine has glands in the walls of the ureters that make the urine of these animals cloudy and foamy.

b. The equine ureter has a different type of epithelium than other species.

c. The equine ureter epithelium has a brush border.

d. The equine ureters have one-way valves (similar to vein valves) to prevent backflow of urine into the kidneys.

Answer 22

a

Question 23

Identify the CORRECT statement about the urinary bladder from the choices below:
a. The urinary bladder contains skeletal muscle throughout its wall.
b. There is no muscle or elastic tissue within the urinary bladder wall.
c. The detrusor muscle is smooth muscle.
d. There is no muscular tissue within the wall of the urinary bladder, it is all elastic tissue.

Answer 23

c

Question 24

What type of epithelium does the urinary bladder have?
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Simple columnar
d. Transitional

Answer 24

d

Question 25

Where is the PCT located?

Answer 25

within the renal cortex

Question 26

Where is most of the water reabsoprtion occuring?

Answer 26

proximal tubule and descending loop

Question 27

Which type of nephron tends to have larger LoH? (cortical or juxtamedullary)

Answer 27

Juxtamedullary

Question 28

What is the significance of having a longer LoH?

Answer 28

the deeper into the medulla the LoH goes, the more concentrated the filtrate will become

Question 29

What do juxtaglomerular cells do?

Answer 29

secrete renin which acts on the endocrine system and ultimatley causes an increase in GFR

Question 30

Elevated [Na+] at the JG apparatus leads to?

Answer 30

inhibition of renin from JG cells -> contraction of afferent arteriole --> less blood flow through kidneys --> **decreased GFR**

Question 31

low [Na+] at the JG apparatus leads to ?

Answer 31

renin release from JG cells --> dilation of afferent arterioles --> more blood flow through kidneys --> **increased GFR**

Question 32

How would you recognize collecting ducts on a slide?

Answer 32

there are distinct lateral boundaries between cells

Question 33

What hormone controls the collecting ducts?

Answer 33

ADH

Question 34

What does ADH do?

Answer 34

stimulates reabsorption of H2O

Question 35

What does Aldosterone do?

Answer 35

increases Na+ reabsorption

Question 36

What is the main blood supply to the kidneys?

Answer 36

Renal artery

Question 37

significance of the vasa recta?

Answer 37

where reabsorption occurs, returning substances back to the blood

Question 38

In which location (A, B, C, or D) would you expect to find the distal convoluted tubules?

Answer 38

A

Question 39

In which location (A, B, C, or D) would you expect to find the papillary ducts?

Answer 39

C

Question 40

The tubules shown here (on both longitudinal- and cross-section) are best described as: Just to be clear, in the longitudinal section the cells that make up the tubules I am asking about are indicated by the black arrows. a. Collecting ducts b. Thick ascending tubules c. Thick descending tubules d. Arterioles

Answer 40

a

Question 41

Answer 41

b