Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the circulatory system?

A

The blood vascular system
The lymph vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does a vessel do?

A

deliver blood to the body
regulate the flow of blood to the various organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why must vessels be elastic?

A

to accomodate changes in blood volume during systole and distole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what controls arteriole size?

A

the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is blood flow the slowest and why?

A

capillaries. allows nutrient and gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 layers of a vessel?

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of large elastic arteries

A

to smooth out fluctuations of pressure and flow caused ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of medium muscular arteries?

A

to distribute and control blood flow to organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of small arteries and arterioles

A

regulate blood flow to capillaries by vasoconstriction and vasodilation (ANS control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Vasa vasorum

A

Vasa vasorum (VV) are defined literally as vessels of vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are nervi vasorum

A

nerves which innervate arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 different types of capillaries?

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are continuous capillaries and where are they found

A

endothelium is continuous. only small molecules can pass through. found in muscle, skin, fat, nerve tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are fenestrated capillaries and where are they found

A

have lots of holes. allow small molecules through. found in gut, endocrine cells, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are sinusoidal capillaries and where are they found

A

have large open pores and are the “leakiest” of the capillaries. Allow blood cells to pass through. Found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of capillaries are involved in gas exchange?

A

continuous capillaries

17
Q

The BBB (Blood Brain Barrier) is what type of capillary?

A

continuous

18
Q

what are the layers of venules?

A

mostly tunica intima and adventitia, not much media.

19
Q

What are the layers of small/medium veins?

A

Tunica intima and adventitia, and have tunica media with 2-4 smooth muscle layers

20
Q

What are the layers of large veins

A

All 3. Thin tunica media. adventitia can have considerable smooth muscle to maintain proper tension of the wall.

21
Q

do venules have valves?

22
Q

do small/medium veins have valves?

23
Q

do large veins have valves?

A

yes, often.

24
Q

how can you distinguish a vein from an artery?

A

larger lumen, irregular shape, and no distinct layers

25
How does blood flow toward the heart in veins?
contraction of adjacent musculature and movement of organs
26
describe epicardium
collagenous external covering of the heart
27
describe myocardium
* middle, muscular layer of the heart wall * bundles of cardiac muscle cells * capillary network and lymph drainage * houses mutiple cardiac (ANS) nerve conduction fibers
28
describe endocardium
three layers: endothelium and subendothelial layer, subendocardial layer
29
Heart valves are an extension of the **?**
endocardium
30
Where can you find purkinje fibers?
myocardium and subendocardium layer of the endocardium
31
What do purkinje fibers do
promote rapid conduction of impulses from the AV node
32
valve leaflets are an extension of the **?**
endocardium
33
what is the importance of the cardiac skeleton?
it's what the myocardium attaches to
34
What is the importance of SA and AV nodes?
SA node is the pacemaker system of the heart AV node conducts APs from the atria to the ventricles