urinary system Flashcards
Hydronephrosis
a condition where one or both kidneys become stretched and swollen as the result of a build-up of urine inside them.
calculi
a concretion of material, usually mineral salts, that forms in an organ or duct of the body
hypertrophy
an increase and growth of muscle cells
atrophy
A decrease in size of an organ or tissue; wasting.
dysplasia
the presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer.
metaplasia
a process whereby one type of mature tissue is replaced by another type of mature tissue not indigenous to that organ or tissue
Pyelonephritis
a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys
cystitis
an infection of the bladder that almost always follows (is secondary to) bacterial infection in the urine
anuria
failure of the kidneys to produce urine.
dysuria
painful or difficult urination.
oliguria
the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.
polyuria
production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.
hematuria
-there is blood in your urine
azotemia
Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood.
uremia
a raised level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste compounds that are normally eliminated by the kidneys.
Normal constituents of urine
water, urea, creatine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, waste products
Signs/symptoms of a urinary tract infection
frequent urge to urinate, pain or burning, cloudy, foamy, blood, abdominal pain
Why do calculi form? Signs and symptoms?
form due to concentration of minerals in urine-severe pain in back or side, blood in urine, nausea, vomiting
What is pyelonephritis? What is the most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis?
kidney infection caused by bacteria entering the kidneys from the bladder- uti
Main symptoms in Nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, high cholesterol, edema
Regarding a Urinalysis, C&S would be expected to be performed if the urine is positive for which of the following:
Bacteria
The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:
renal pelvis
