Renal Study Packet Flashcards
Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the
Proximal convoluted tubule- close to the glomerulus
Under normal circumstances, the kidneys produce about _____ liters of glomerular filtrate per day
180
ADH is produced in the
Hypothalamus
When ADH levels in the blood are high, the collecting ducts are
Very permeable to sodium and chloride ions- sodium( and water) moves back into the body
Active transport of sodium: water follows passively
Proximal convoluted tubule
Passively permeable to water
Accenting limb of the nephron loop
Passively permeable to water
Descending limb of the nephron loop
Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation
Collecting duct
The appearance of glucose in the urine
Occurs when the transport carries for glucose become saturated
The urinary bladder is located
Posterior to the pubic symphysis
In the proximal convoluted tubule, chloride ions are reabsorbed because of
The electrical attraction of sodium ions- Na+ attracts the Cl-
Which of the following promotes sodium retention and potassium loss from the blood across: the wall of the wall of the distal convoluted tubule?
Aldosterone
Granular (juxtaglomerular cells) secrete_____ when there is a fall in _____ ion concentration
Renin/ sodium
If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Na+ in the PCT you would
Have an Increased urine output- Na+ will not be resorbed, urine would stay in the PCT
Glucose is
Filtered and reabsorbed but not secreted- want to bring glucose back into the bloodstream
What would happen to the GFR if the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the fluid in the capsular space increased?
GFR would decrease
Correct sequence from urine formation
Nephron
Collecting duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Ureter
Urethra
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood derived fluids per day the amount that actually leave the body is
1% or 1.8L
The fluid in the capsular space is similar to plasma except that is does not contain a significant amount of
Albumin
Aldosterone causes
Decreased urine output
During reabsorption, Na+ crosses the apical walls of the proximal tubule cells into the interstitial fluid principally by means of
Active transport
The main solute component of urine is
Urea
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is found in the renal medulla?
Loop of henle
Urine with a high concentration of C6H12O6 is
Abnormal because this compound is filtered and reabsorbed
Order filtrate follows as it flows through the nephron
Bowman’s capsule
PCT
loop of henle
DCT
collecting duct
The kidneys are located
Retroperitoneally
Which of the following is not a means of regulating GFR?
Regulation via skeletal muscle
Renin is produced by the
Juxtaglomerular cells
The nephron is
The functional unit of the kidney
Atrial naturiuretic peptide works to
Inhibit the effects of aldosterone
The most important function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is to
Secrete renin in response to decreased renal blood pressure or blood flow
From the distal convoluted tubule, filtrate will then be carried to the
Collecting duct
A patient who is dehydrated from vomiting and diarrhea is likely to be higher than normal in blood
Both ADH and aldosterone
The outermost covering of the kidney is the
Renal capsule
The kidney secretes______ for the purpose of stimulating bone marrow activity
Erythropoietin
The kidney secretes ______ which is an enzyme hormone that raises blood pressure
Renin
The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule
Which section of the nephron is after the ascending limb of the loop of henle
DCT
Which process is most affected by blood pressure?
Glomerular filtration
Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys?
Creatinine
What is the average glomerular filtration rate?
180 L per day
What is not usually found in the urine
Glucose
How much urine is formed in 24 hours
1.5 L
Renin acts on ________ to convert it to angiotensin 1
Angiotensinogen
The targets of angiotensin 2 are blood vessels and
Adrenal cortex
The action is aldosterone is to increase
Sodium reabsorption
The fluid in the descending limb of the loop of henle is ______ relative to the capillaries
Hypertonic
What effect does ADH have on urine output?
Decreaes
Eating large amounts of meat will increase the levels of _____in the blood
Urea
Which of these could appear in the urine from dieting or the utilization of excess lipids?
Ketone
Vigorous exercise could release high amounts of _____ into the urine
Albumin
What causes urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder?
Peristalsis
Within the renal tubule, 2 hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of urine. The hormone ________ regulates sodium reabsorption while ________ regulates water reabsorption
Aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The pyramids are areas located within ______ of the kidney
The medulla
The ureter directly receives urine from the _____ of the kidney
Pelvis
