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Patho 2 > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system

A

hypothalamus
pituitary
parathryoid
adrenal
ovar
pineal
thyroid
thymus
pancreas
testis

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2
Q

steroid hormones

A

produced by the adrenal cortex, the ovaries, and the testes (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone)

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3
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates:
body temperature
breathing
hunger
thirst
(regulates internal environment)
located beneath the thalamus in the brain
regulates the 2 lobes of the pituitary glands by releases or releasing inhibiting hormones
PRIMARY RGULATORS of the endocrine system
neurosectery cells of the hypothalamuss produce hormones that either are stored in the pituitary gland or regulate the pituitary activity
continuously monitors conditions inside body

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4
Q

pituitary gland posterior lobe

A

vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin

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5
Q

vasopressin (ADH)

A

causes the kidneys to form more consetrated urine, conserving water (urine= high solute concentration)

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6
Q

oxytocin

A

Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor, also causes the release of milk from the breast of a nursing mother.

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7
Q

pituitary anterior lobe

A

Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
prolactin (PRL)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocortictropic hormone (ACTH)
Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH)

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8
Q

Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)

A

Promotes cell division, protein synthesis, and bone and muscle growth.

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9
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

It causes mammary gland in breast to develop and produce milk. It also plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

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10
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the melanocytes of the skin, increasing their production of the dark pigment melanin

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11
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Regulates the thyroid to produce and release Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine.

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12
Q

Adrenocortictropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates the Adrenal Cortex to produce and release Cortisol and Aldosterone.

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13
Q

Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH)

A

stimulate the gonads - the Testes in males and the Ovaries in females to secrete sex hormones and stimulates gamete (Sperm and Egg) production.

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14
Q

thyroid gland

A

below larynx
TSH regulates the thyroid glands
thyroxin and triiodothyronine
calcitonin

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15
Q

thyroxin and triiodothyronine

A

stimautles and maintains metabolic activities
heart rate, BP, body temp, carb usage over fat usage for energy

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16
Q

calcitonin (c cells)

A

inhibits release of calcium from bones or regulates level of calcium in the blood

17
Q

adrenal glands (cortex and medulla)

A

one gland is located on top of each kidney
outer- adrenal cortex
inner- adrenal medulla

18
Q

parathyroid glands

A

attached to or embedded in the back surface of the thyroid, 2 in each lobe
produces parathyroid hormone- regulates calcium level in the blood

19
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer portion- 80%
responds to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
corticosteroids
aldosterone
cortisol

20
Q

corticosteroids

A

essential for normal body functions

21
Q

aldosterone

A

regulates the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium

22
Q

cortisol

A

affects carb, protein, and fat metabolism

23
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner portion
neurohormones: adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
sympathetic- adrenaline and noradrenaline

24
Q

adrenaline

A

inc heart rate, bp, blood supply to skeletal muscles, inc conversion of glycogen to glucose and stimulates the rate of metabolism

25
Q

noradrenaline

A

stimulates the heart muscle (rate and strength of the heart

26
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach
both an endocrine and exocrine gland
islets of langerhans that composes beta cells
beta cells secrete insulin, and alpha cells which secrete glucagon

27
Q

insulin

A

stimulates its target cells to take up and use glucose- lowers blood glucose level “USE OR STORE’

28
Q

glucagon

A

stimulates cells to breakdown stored glycogen and increase blood sugar levels

29
Q

thymus gland

A

located beneath the sternum and between lungs
T cells
thymosin- stimulates formation of T cells which help depend against pathogens

30
Q

pineal gland

A

near base of brain
secretes melatonin: regulate sleep (modulation of sleep patterns in both seasonal and circadian rhythms)

31
Q

digestive

A

endocrine gastrin- stimulates other stomach cells to release digestive enzymes and HCL
secretin- stimulates the release of digestive fluids from the pancreas and bile form the liver

Patho 2 (20 decks)

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