endocrine Flashcards
endocrine system
hypothalamus
pituitary
parathryoid
adrenal
ovar
pineal
thyroid
thymus
pancreas
testis
steroid hormones
produced by the adrenal cortex, the ovaries, and the testes (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone)
hypothalamus
regulates:
body temperature
breathing
hunger
thirst
(regulates internal environment)
located beneath the thalamus in the brain
regulates the 2 lobes of the pituitary glands by releases or releasing inhibiting hormones
PRIMARY RGULATORS of the endocrine system
neurosectery cells of the hypothalamuss produce hormones that either are stored in the pituitary gland or regulate the pituitary activity
continuously monitors conditions inside body
pituitary gland posterior lobe
vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin
vasopressin (ADH)
causes the kidneys to form more consetrated urine, conserving water (urine= high solute concentration)
oxytocin
Stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor, also causes the release of milk from the breast of a nursing mother.
pituitary anterior lobe
Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
prolactin (PRL)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocortictropic hormone (ACTH)
Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH)
Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
Promotes cell division, protein synthesis, and bone and muscle growth.
prolactin (PRL)
It causes mammary gland in breast to develop and produce milk. It also plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
stimulates the melanocytes of the skin, increasing their production of the dark pigment melanin
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Regulates the thyroid to produce and release Thyroxin and Triiodothyronine.
Adrenocortictropic hormone (ACTH)
stimulates the Adrenal Cortex to produce and release Cortisol and Aldosterone.
Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH)
stimulate the gonads - the Testes in males and the Ovaries in females to secrete sex hormones and stimulates gamete (Sperm and Egg) production.
thyroid gland
below larynx
TSH regulates the thyroid glands
thyroxin and triiodothyronine
calcitonin
thyroxin and triiodothyronine
stimautles and maintains metabolic activities
heart rate, BP, body temp, carb usage over fat usage for energy
calcitonin (c cells)
inhibits release of calcium from bones or regulates level of calcium in the blood
adrenal glands (cortex and medulla)
one gland is located on top of each kidney
outer- adrenal cortex
inner- adrenal medulla
parathyroid glands
attached to or embedded in the back surface of the thyroid, 2 in each lobe
produces parathyroid hormone- regulates calcium level in the blood
adrenal cortex
outer portion- 80%
responds to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
corticosteroids
aldosterone
cortisol
corticosteroids
essential for normal body functions
aldosterone
regulates the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
cortisol
affects carb, protein, and fat metabolism
adrenal medulla
inner portion
neurohormones: adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
sympathetic- adrenaline and noradrenaline
adrenaline
inc heart rate, bp, blood supply to skeletal muscles, inc conversion of glycogen to glucose and stimulates the rate of metabolism
noradrenaline
stimulates the heart muscle (rate and strength of the heart
pancreas
located behind the stomach
both an endocrine and exocrine gland
islets of langerhans that composes beta cells
beta cells secrete insulin, and alpha cells which secrete glucagon
insulin
stimulates its target cells to take up and use glucose- lowers blood glucose level “USE OR STORE’
glucagon
stimulates cells to breakdown stored glycogen and increase blood sugar levels
thymus gland
located beneath the sternum and between lungs
T cells
thymosin- stimulates formation of T cells which help depend against pathogens
pineal gland
near base of brain
secretes melatonin: regulate sleep (modulation of sleep patterns in both seasonal and circadian rhythms)
digestive
endocrine gastrin- stimulates other stomach cells to release digestive enzymes and HCL
secretin- stimulates the release of digestive fluids from the pancreas and bile form the liver
