Digestive Part 2 Flashcards
Name the sections of small intestine
Duodenum jejuneum ileum
Duodenum
Attached to the stomach
Curves around the head of the pancreas
Jejunum
Attaches anterior my to the duodenum
Illeum
Extends from the jejunum to large intestine
What substance enters the small intestine from the gall bladder
Enzymes mixed with chyme
Bike from the gall bladder
Villi
Fingerlike give small intestine more surface area
Microvilli
Small projections of the plasma membrane
Lacteals
Specialized lymphatic capillaries
Structures involved in absorption of nutrients
Absorptive cells
Blood capillaries
Lacteals
Large intestine
Frames the internal abdomen
Larger in diameter but shorter than small intestine
Cecum
Saclike first part of the large intestine
Appendix
Lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed
Hangs from cecum
Colon
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
S shaped
Rectum and anus
External body opening
Salivary glands
Saliva producing glands
Saliva
Mix of mucus and serous fluids
Dissolves chemicals so they can be tasted
Mastication
Chew
Pancreas
Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food
Gall bladder
Stores bile from the liver by way of the cystic duct
Ingestion
Getting food into mouth
Propulsion
Moving foods from in region of the digestive system to another
Peristalsis
Alternating waves of contraction
Segmentation
Moving materials back and forth to aid in mixing
Absorbtion
Absorbed into blood or lymph
Food must enter mucosal cells and then into blood lymph capillaries
Dececation
Elimination of indigestible substances
Order of digestive
Ingestion
Mastication
Propulsion
Peristalsis
Segmentation
Absorbtion
Defecation
Control of digestive activity
Reflexes via the parasympathetic divison
Stimuli of digestive activity
Stretch of organ
Ph of contents
Presence of breakdown products
Reflexes of digestive activity
Activation of glandular secretions
Smooth muscle activtt
Deglutition
Swallowing
Buccal phase
Boils is forced into the pharynx by the tongue
Pharyngeal-esophageal
All passageways excerpt the stomach are blocked
Tongue blocks moth
Uvula blocks nasopharynx
Epiglottis’s blocks larynx
Cardioesophageal sphincter
Opened when food presses against it
What is only absorbed in the stomach
Alcohol and aspirin
Large intestine
Water and vitamins k and b are absorbed
Gi disorders
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Abdominal pain
gi bleeding
Nausea
Unpleasant wave like sensation in the back of the throat and or epigastrium that may or may no culminate in vomiting
Vomiting
Forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach duodenum or jejunum through the oral cavity
Retching
Vomiting without expulsion of vomitus dry heaves
Constipation
Stools are difficult to pass
Present if you have 2 or fewer vowel movements or do not take laxatives and have straining not completely empty or hard pellet like stools
Diarrhea
Significant increase in the total eight of stool passed in a single day
Causes of diarrhea
Infections
Virus bacterium parasite
Causes of diarrhea non infectious
Inability to digest certain food
-lactose celiac disease
-surgery to remove part of intestine
-rare tumors/Diseases
-inflammation
-meds
-radiation
-toxins
Generalized pain if abdomen
Occurs in half of the abdomen or more
Localized
One section only or sordid area
(Epigastic, periumbillical, or pelvic)
Parietal abdominal pain
From the parietal wall of the periotneum; localized and intense
Viscreal abdominal pain
Diffuse and vague; results form a stimulus on a particular abdominal organ
Referred abdominal pain
Pain felt away from actual diseased or affected organ
Esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux
Acid returns back into the esophagus from the stimach
Varices
Abnormally englarged veins located at the lower end of the esophagus; may rupture and bled massively
Mallory-weiss tear
Tearing in the lining of the esophagus that usually is caused by prolong vomiting
Bleeding in the digestive tract diagnosed
Fecal occult blood test
Endoscopy
X rays
Angiography
Radionuclide scanning
