Urinary System Flashcards
Filters blood to remove metabolic wastes (Ammonia, and creatinine in particular)
Functions of the urinary system:
Regulates blood volume and pressure
Functions of the urinary system:
Regulates plasm ions
Functions of the urinary system:
Stabilizes pH – by removing bicarb/H+
Functions of the urinary system:
Conserves nutrients
Functions of the urinary system:
Assists liver in detoxification of toxins
Functions of the urinary system:
What are the organs of the urinary system??
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra
filter and excrete waste from body and form urine
Kidney
urine flow through two ureters to reach bladder
Ureters (urinary tract)
storage unit for urine
Bladder (urinary tract)
– single tube for elimination out of bladder
Urethra (urinary tract)
What is the process of eliminating a full bladder?
Urination (micturition)
The kidney (nephrose) are located on ?
around T12 and L3 vertebrae
L kidney is slightly superior to the R kidney due to the presence of the __ ?
Liver
Kidneys are held in place at the abdominal cavity due to:
-Overlying peritoneum
-Contact with adjacent visceral organs
What are the 3 types of connective tissue of the kidneys?
Fibrous capsule, Perinephric fat, and Renal Fascia
a layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ
Fibrous capsule
a cushioning layer of adipose tissue surround each fibrous capsule
Perinephric fat
a dense fibrous outer layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures
Renal Fascia
an internal cavity within the kidney that the fibrous capsule covers
Renal sinus
The_____is bound to the outer surfaces of the structures which aids in stabilizing the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves
Renal capsule
most superficial portion of kidney and connects with the fibrous capsule
Renal cortex
consists of 6-8 “renal pyramids”. The base of each pyramid touches the cortex and tip (renal papilla) projects into the renal sinus
Renal Medulla
____lie in-between pyramids
Renal columns
Ducts in each renal papilla discharge urine into the____
minor calyx (beginning of the drain to release urine)
Minor calyx merges to form the _____ which further merges to form the renal pelvis
major calyx
a funnel shaped chamber which connects to ureters
Renal Pelvis
_____ receive 25% of total cardiac output (1200mL of blood flow through kidneys each minute)
Kidneys
main blood vessel brining in blood
Renal artery
Renal artery becomes (segmental arteries) as it enters into the renal sinus at the hilum
Segmental arteries turn into (interlobar arteries) which radiate outwards through the renal columns and turn into (arcuate arteries)
Arcuate arteries arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of kidney and further turn into (cortical radiate arteries) and terminate at the (afferent arteriole) delivering blood to the nephrons
Renal Arteries-> Segmental Arteries-> Inter-lobar Arteries-> Arcuate Arteries-> Cortical Radiate Arteries-> Afferent Arteriole-> Nephron
Veins return blood back into circulation via ______?
the venule -> cortical radiate vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein-> renal vein
are the functional units of the kidney and contain a renal corpuscle and renal tubules
Nephrons
Bowman’s capsule(glomerular capsule) + glomerulus – is a spherical shapes structure holding the capillary network
Renal Corpuscle
____begin at the corpuscle and end at the collecting system of the kidney
Renal tubules
__contains both the outer and visceral layers
Glomerular capsule
What type of specialized capillarities does kidneys have?
Fenestrated; contains many pores
The pores together with the basement membrane, and foot processes of the podocytes form the __?
Filtration membrane
The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule has specialized cells and processes (feet) that wrap around the
dense layer
specialized basement membrane
Dense Layer
the visceral cells of the capsules that contain “foot processes” (pedicels)
Podocytes
Between adjacent foot processes are narrow gaps called___?
filtration slits
specialized contractile cells in interspersed between the capillaries in the visceral layers of the glomerular capsule
Intraglomerular mesangial cells
What are the functions of Intraglomerular mesangial cells??
structural support, filtration, and phagocytosis
_____is the next section of the nephron and is where the filtrate from the glomerular capsule passes through; it contains three major sections
Renal Tubules –
____is the first section (segment) of the kidney tubules from the capsule and is used to re-absorb all major ions
Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)
contains both the descending and ascending limb
Nephron Loop
The limbs contain both thin and thick segments:
Descending thin limb, ascending thin limb, and thick ascending limb
is the third segment and passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles near the glomerular capsule
Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT) –
is a structure that aids in regulating blood pressure and filtrate formation and contains the macula dense, juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells
Juxtaglomerular Complex –
____a group of tall epithelial cells that function as chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
Macula densa
______- modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole secrete renin and also monitor blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells
____ located in the triangular space between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles and provide feedback control between the other cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
– muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and are firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall
Ureters
Ureters enter the bladder via the______ - slit-like openings
ureteric orifices
The walls of the ureters contain ???
inner mucosal layer, a middle muscular layer, and outer connective tissue layer
What type of contraction keep urine flowing into the bladder?
peristaltic contraction
hollow muscular tube for urine storage
Bladder
Tube from the bladder and out to/through genitals
Urethra
Men have a prostate that wraps around the urethra and have a longer ___?
Urethra
Men and women have an_______ under voluntary control to hold urine (until the ANS takes over)
external urethra sphincter
