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a&p2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Filters blood to remove metabolic wastes (Ammonia, and creatinine in particular)

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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2
Q

Regulates blood volume and pressure

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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3
Q

Regulates plasm ions

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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4
Q

Stabilizes pH – by removing bicarb/H+

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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5
Q

Conserves nutrients

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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6
Q

Assists liver in detoxification of toxins

A

Functions of the urinary system:

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7
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system??

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra

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8
Q

filter and excrete waste from body and form urine

A

Kidney

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9
Q

urine flow through two ureters to reach bladder

A

Ureters (urinary tract)

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10
Q

storage unit for urine

A

Bladder (urinary tract)

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11
Q

– single tube for elimination out of bladder

A

Urethra (urinary tract)

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12
Q

What is the process of eliminating a full bladder?

A

Urination (micturition)

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13
Q

The kidney (nephrose) are located on ?

A

around T12 and L3 vertebrae

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14
Q

L kidney is slightly superior to the R kidney due to the presence of the __ ?

A

Liver

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15
Q

Kidneys are held in place at the abdominal cavity due to:

A

-Overlying peritoneum

-Contact with adjacent visceral organs

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue of the kidneys?

A

Fibrous capsule, Perinephric fat, and Renal Fascia

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17
Q

a layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ

A

Fibrous capsule

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18
Q

a cushioning layer of adipose tissue surround each fibrous capsule

A

Perinephric fat

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19
Q

a dense fibrous outer layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures

A

Renal Fascia

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20
Q

an internal cavity within the kidney that the fibrous capsule covers

A

Renal sinus

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21
Q

The_____is bound to the outer surfaces of the structures which aids in stabilizing the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves

A

Renal capsule

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22
Q

most superficial portion of kidney and connects with the fibrous capsule

A

Renal cortex

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23
Q

consists of 6-8 “renal pyramids”. The base of each pyramid touches the cortex and tip (renal papilla) projects into the renal sinus

A

Renal Medulla

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24
Q

____lie in-between pyramids

A

Renal columns

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25
Q

Ducts in each renal papilla discharge urine into the____

A

minor calyx (beginning of the drain to release urine)

26
Q

Minor calyx merges to form the _____ which further merges to form the renal pelvis

A

major calyx

27
Q

a funnel shaped chamber which connects to ureters

A

Renal Pelvis

28
Q

_____ receive 25% of total cardiac output (1200mL of blood flow through kidneys each minute)

A

Kidneys

29
Q

main blood vessel brining in blood

A

Renal artery

30
Q

Renal artery becomes (segmental arteries) as it enters into the renal sinus at the hilum

Segmental arteries turn into (interlobar arteries) which radiate outwards through the renal columns and turn into (arcuate arteries)

Arcuate arteries arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of kidney and further turn into (cortical radiate arteries) and terminate at the (afferent arteriole) delivering blood to the nephrons

A

Renal Arteries-> Segmental Arteries-> Inter-lobar Arteries-> Arcuate Arteries-> Cortical Radiate Arteries-> Afferent Arteriole-> Nephron

31
Q

Veins return blood back into circulation via ______?

A

the venule -> cortical radiate vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein-> renal vein

32
Q

are the functional units of the kidney and contain a renal corpuscle and renal tubules

A

Nephrons

33
Q

Bowman’s capsule(glomerular capsule) + glomerulus – is a spherical shapes structure holding the capillary network

A

Renal Corpuscle

34
Q

____begin at the corpuscle and end at the collecting system of the kidney

A

Renal tubules

35
Q

__contains both the outer and visceral layers

A

Glomerular capsule

36
Q

What type of specialized capillarities does kidneys have?

A

Fenestrated; contains many pores

37
Q

The pores together with the basement membrane, and foot processes of the podocytes form the __?

A

Filtration membrane

38
Q

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule has specialized cells and processes (feet) that wrap around the

A

dense layer

39
Q

specialized basement membrane

A

Dense Layer

40
Q

the visceral cells of the capsules that contain “foot processes” (pedicels)

A

Podocytes

41
Q

Between adjacent foot processes are narrow gaps called___?

A

filtration slits

42
Q

specialized contractile cells in interspersed between the capillaries in the visceral layers of the glomerular capsule

A

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

43
Q

What are the functions of Intraglomerular mesangial cells??

A

structural support, filtration, and phagocytosis

44
Q

_____is the next section of the nephron and is where the filtrate from the glomerular capsule passes through; it contains three major sections

A

Renal Tubules –

45
Q

____is the first section (segment) of the kidney tubules from the capsule and is used to re-absorb all major ions

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)

46
Q

contains both the descending and ascending limb

A

Nephron Loop

47
Q

The limbs contain both thin and thick segments:

A

Descending thin limb, ascending thin limb, and thick ascending limb

48
Q

is the third segment and passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles near the glomerular capsule

A

Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT) –

49
Q

is a structure that aids in regulating blood pressure and filtrate formation and contains the macula dense, juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells

A

Juxtaglomerular Complex –

50
Q

____a group of tall epithelial cells that function as chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

A

Macula densa

51
Q

______- modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole secrete renin and also monitor blood pressure

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

52
Q

____ located in the triangular space between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles and provide feedback control between the other cells

A

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

53
Q

– muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and are firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Ureters

54
Q

Ureters enter the bladder via the______ - slit-like openings

A

ureteric orifices

55
Q

The walls of the ureters contain ???

A

inner mucosal layer, a middle muscular layer, and outer connective tissue layer

56
Q

What type of contraction keep urine flowing into the bladder?

A

peristaltic contraction

57
Q

hollow muscular tube for urine storage

A

Bladder

58
Q

Tube from the bladder and out to/through genitals

A

Urethra

59
Q

Men have a prostate that wraps around the urethra and have a longer ___?

A

Urethra

60
Q

Men and women have an_______ under voluntary control to hold urine (until the ANS takes over)

A

external urethra sphincter

a&p2 (7 decks)

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