Urinary System

Question 1

Filters blood to remove metabolic wastes (Ammonia, and creatinine in particular)

Answer 1

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 2

Regulates blood volume and pressure

Answer 2

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 3

Regulates plasm ions

Answer 3

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 4

Stabilizes pH – by removing bicarb/H+

Answer 4

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 5

Conserves nutrients

Answer 5

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 6

Assists liver in detoxification of toxins

Answer 6

Functions of the urinary system:

Question 7

What are the organs of the urinary system??

Answer 7

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra

Question 8

filter and excrete waste from body and form urine

Answer 8

Kidney

Question 9

urine flow through two ureters to reach bladder

Answer 9

Ureters (urinary tract)

Question 10

storage unit for urine

Answer 10

Bladder (urinary tract)

Question 11

– single tube for elimination out of bladder

Answer 11

Urethra (urinary tract)

Question 12

What is the process of eliminating a full bladder?

Answer 12

Urination (micturition)

Question 13

The kidney (nephrose) are located on ?

Answer 13

around T12 and L3 vertebrae

Question 14

L kidney is slightly superior to the R kidney due to the presence of the __ ?

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Kidneys are held in place at the abdominal cavity due to:

Answer 15

-Overlying peritoneum

-Contact with adjacent visceral organs

Question 16

What are the 3 types of connective tissue of the kidneys?

Answer 16

Fibrous capsule, Perinephric fat, and Renal Fascia

Question 17

a layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the entire organ

Answer 17

Fibrous capsule

Question 18

a cushioning layer of adipose tissue surround each fibrous capsule

Answer 18

Perinephric fat

Question 19

a dense fibrous outer layer that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures

Answer 19

Renal Fascia

Question 20

an internal cavity within the kidney that the fibrous capsule covers

Answer 20

Renal sinus

Question 21

The_____is bound to the outer surfaces of the structures which aids in stabilizing the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves

Answer 21

Renal capsule

Question 22

most superficial portion of kidney and connects with the fibrous capsule

Answer 22

Renal cortex

Question 23

consists of 6-8 “renal pyramids”. The base of each pyramid touches the cortex and tip (renal papilla) projects into the renal sinus

Answer 23

Renal Medulla

Question 24

____lie in-between pyramids

Answer 24

Renal columns

Question 25

Ducts in each renal papilla discharge urine into the____

Answer 25

minor calyx (beginning of the drain to release urine)

Question 26

Minor calyx merges to form the _____ which further merges to form the renal pelvis

Answer 26

major calyx

Question 27

a funnel shaped chamber which connects to ureters

Answer 27

Renal Pelvis

Question 28

_____ receive 25% of total cardiac output (1200mL of blood flow through kidneys each minute)

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

main blood vessel brining in blood

Answer 29

Renal artery

Question 30

Renal artery becomes (segmental arteries) as it enters into the renal sinus at the hilum Segmental arteries turn into (interlobar arteries) which radiate outwards through the renal columns and turn into (arcuate arteries) Arcuate arteries arch along the boundary between the cortex and medulla of kidney and further turn into (cortical radiate arteries) and terminate at the (afferent arteriole) delivering blood to the nephrons

Answer 30

Renal Arteries-> Segmental Arteries-> Inter-lobar Arteries-> Arcuate Arteries-> Cortical Radiate Arteries-> Afferent Arteriole-> Nephron

Question 31

Veins return blood back into circulation via ______?

Answer 31

the venule -> cortical radiate vein -> arcuate vein -> interlobular vein-> renal vein

Question 32

are the functional units of the kidney and contain a renal corpuscle and renal tubules

Answer 32

Nephrons

Question 33

Bowman’s capsule(glomerular capsule) + glomerulus – is a spherical shapes structure holding the capillary network

Answer 33

Renal Corpuscle

Question 34

____begin at the corpuscle and end at the collecting system of the kidney

Answer 34

Renal tubules

Question 35

__contains both the outer and visceral layers

Answer 35

Glomerular capsule

Question 36

What type of specialized capillarities does kidneys have?

Answer 36

Fenestrated; contains many pores

Question 37

The pores together with the basement membrane, and foot processes of the podocytes form the __?

Answer 37

Filtration membrane

Question 38

The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule has specialized cells and processes (feet) that wrap around the

Answer 38

dense layer

Question 39

specialized basement membrane

Answer 39

Dense Layer

Question 40

the visceral cells of the capsules that contain “foot processes” (pedicels)

Answer 40

Podocytes

Question 41

Between adjacent foot processes are narrow gaps called___?

Answer 41

filtration slits

Question 42

specialized contractile cells in interspersed between the capillaries in the visceral layers of the glomerular capsule

Answer 42

Intraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 43

What are the functions of Intraglomerular mesangial cells??

Answer 43

structural support, filtration, and phagocytosis

Question 44

_____is the next section of the nephron and is where the filtrate from the glomerular capsule passes through; it contains three major sections

Answer 44

Renal Tubules –

Question 45

____is the first section (segment) of the kidney tubules from the capsule and is used to re-absorb all major ions

Answer 45

Proximal Convoluted Tubules (PCT)

Question 46

contains both the descending and ascending limb

Answer 46

Nephron Loop

Question 47

The limbs contain both thin and thick segments:

Answer 47

Descending thin limb, ascending thin limb, and thick ascending limb

Question 48

is the third segment and passes between the afferent and efferent arterioles near the glomerular capsule

Answer 48

Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT) –

Question 49

is a structure that aids in regulating blood pressure and filtrate formation and contains the macula dense, juxtaglomerular cells and extraglomerular mesangial cells

Answer 49

Juxtaglomerular Complex –

Question 50

____a group of tall epithelial cells that function as chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

Answer 50

Macula densa

Question 51

______- modified smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole secrete renin and also monitor blood pressure

Answer 51

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 52

____ located in the triangular space between the afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles and provide feedback control between the other cells

Answer 52

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 53

– muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder and are firmly attached to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 53

Ureters

Question 54

Ureters enter the bladder via the______ - slit-like openings

Answer 54

ureteric orifices

Question 55

The walls of the ureters contain ???

Answer 55

inner mucosal layer, a middle muscular layer, and outer connective tissue layer

Question 56

What type of contraction keep urine flowing into the bladder?

Answer 56

peristaltic contraction

Question 57

hollow muscular tube for urine storage

Answer 57

Bladder

Question 58

Tube from the bladder and out to/through genitals

Answer 58

Urethra

Question 59

Men have a prostate that wraps around the urethra and have a longer ___?

Answer 59

Urethra

Question 60

Men and women have an_______ under voluntary control to hold urine (until the ANS takes over)

Answer 60

external urethra sphincter