Urinary system

Question 1

Function of ureter

Answer 1

transport urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis

Question 2

Function of urinary bladder

Answer 2

store urine before voiding

Question 3

Function of urethra

Answer 3

transport urine from bladder to outside of body

Question 4

Functions of kidneys

Answer 4

• Regulate blood pressure by releasing aldosterone
• filter blood
• regulate pH

Question 5

Explain how the urinary systems help regulate blood sugar levels

Answer 5

• If there are low levels of glucose in the blood - more glucose will be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule
• t/f increase blood glucose levels to within normal levels.
• If there are high levels of glucose in the blood then it will not be reabsorbed
• t/f will be excreted as urine to help maintain levels within normal limits.

Question 6

Process of urine formation - filtration

Answer 6

High pressure in glomerulus pushes small water molecules (water, electrolytes) through semi-permeable capillary walls and walls of Bowmans capsule into renal tube.

Question 7

Process of urine formation - absorption

Answer 7

Filtrate enters proximal tube of nephron and reabsorption of needed substances (water, glucose, amino acids) occurs from filtrate back into bloodstream.

Question 8

Process of urine formation - secretion

Answer 8

Occurs in the distal tubule. Waste substances (medicine, ions) are secreted from bloodstream into tubules for removal from body.

Question 9

ADH (responds to low BP)

Answer 9

increased ADH in response to low water levels = increased ADH

increased permeability of distal convoluted tubule

Increased water absorption and increased concentration of urine

Question 10

Aldosterone (responds to low BP)

Answer 10

Blood pressure drops/low blood vol.

Kidneys secrete renin

Renin converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Stimulates release of aldosterone

Increased sodium and water reabsorption t/f increased blood vol and BP

Question 11

ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide) - High BP

Answer 11

Secreted by atria of heart in response to high BP

Acts on convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

decreased reabsorption of water and sodium

Question 12

Thirst response

Answer 12

insufficient water in body

Detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus

Thirst center in hypothalamus stimulated

Increased thirst and water consumption