Digestive system Flashcards
Function of digestive system
Break down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules through physical and chemical means with absorption of nutrients to excrete waste products
state the 6 steps of digestion
Ingestion
Propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Elimination
what is ingestion?
intake of food and fluids from the mouth into the alimentary tract
what is propulsion
movement of ingested food or fluid through the digestive tract
what is absorption
process of moving digested food molecules/nutrients across the intestinal wall into the blood or lymph
what is assimilation?
movement of digested food molecules from bloodstream into cells
what is elimination?
excretion of undigested food substances through the anus after processing in the intestines
Function of oesophagus
Transport food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis
Function of stomach
mechanically (churning of food through muscle contractions) and chemically breakdown food (through activating enzymes eg. HCL)
Function of small intestine and 3 parts
absorb nutrients into bloodstream
duodenum - first part
jejunum - middle section
ileum - end section
Pepsin
Produced in stomach - breaks down protein
amylase
Produced in pancreas/salivary glands - break down starch
Lipase
Produced in pancreas - break down fats/lipids
Trypsin
Produced in pancreas - break down protein
Function of liver
- secrete bile
- remove toxins
- metabolise carbs fats and proteins
Function of gall bladder
stores, concentrates and releases bile
Formation of faeces
- Undigested food enters colon thru ileum
- water salts and vitamins reabsorbed
- dehydration and compaction of undigested matter
- semi-solid faeces
Describe the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels immediately after strenuous exercise (low BGL)
pancreas secretes glycogen
glucagon acts to break down liver glycogen into glucose
t/f Increased BGL in response to strenuous exercise
Role of Insulin in regulation of BGL
Bc insulin helps with uptake of glucose into cells (w excess converted to glycogen)
Then more will be released in response to high BGL t/f decreasing BGL (regulating to WNL)
Hemiglossectomy
Surgical removal of half the tongue
