Digestive system

Question 1

Function of digestive system

Answer 1

Break down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules through physical and chemical means with absorption of nutrients to excrete waste products

Question 2

state the 6 steps of digestion

Answer 2

Ingestion
Propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Elimination

Question 3

what is ingestion?

Answer 3

intake of food and fluids from the mouth into the alimentary tract

Question 4

what is propulsion

Answer 4

movement of ingested food or fluid through the digestive tract

Question 5

what is absorption

Answer 5

process of moving digested food molecules/nutrients across the intestinal wall into the blood or lymph

Question 6

what is assimilation?

Answer 6

movement of digested food molecules from bloodstream into cells

Question 7

what is elimination?

Answer 7

excretion of undigested food substances through the anus after processing in the intestines

Question 8

Function of oesophagus

Answer 8

Transport food from pharynx to stomach via peristalsis

Question 9

Function of stomach

Answer 9

mechanically (churning of food through muscle contractions) and chemically breakdown food (through activating enzymes eg. HCL)

Question 10

Function of small intestine and 3 parts

Answer 10

absorb nutrients into bloodstream
duodenum - first part
jejunum - middle section
ileum - end section

Question 11

Pepsin

Answer 11

Produced in stomach - breaks down protein

Question 12

amylase

Answer 12

Produced in pancreas/salivary glands - break down starch

Question 13

Lipase

Answer 13

Produced in pancreas - break down fats/lipids

Question 14

Trypsin

Answer 14

Produced in pancreas - break down protein

Question 15

Function of liver

Answer 15

• secrete bile
• remove toxins
• metabolise carbs fats and proteins

Question 16

Function of gall bladder

Answer 16

stores, concentrates and releases bile

Question 17

Formation of faeces

Answer 17

• Undigested food enters colon thru ileum
• water salts and vitamins reabsorbed
• dehydration and compaction of undigested matter
• semi-solid faeces

Question 18

Describe the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels immediately after strenuous exercise (low BGL)

Answer 18

pancreas secretes glycogen
glucagon acts to break down liver glycogen into glucose
t/f Increased BGL in response to strenuous exercise

Question 19

Role of Insulin in regulation of BGL

Answer 19

Bc insulin helps with uptake of glucose into cells (w excess converted to glycogen)
Then more will be released in response to high BGL t/f decreasing BGL (regulating to WNL)

Question 20

Hemiglossectomy

Answer 20

Surgical removal of half the tongue