Nervous System Flashcards
Function of nervous system
- Controls and coordinates voluntary and involuntary activities of the body.
- Detect, interpret and respond to internal and external stimuli.
Frontal lobe
thinking, problem solving, personality, emotions
Parietal lobe
sensory info from skin, perception, spelling, arithmetic
occipital lobe
vision, processing colour, shape, perspective
cerebellum
- receive sensory info from inner ear, eyes, muscles
- coordinate voluntary muscle movement, to maintain balance and equilibrium
brain stem
contains control centres for vital body functions:
eg. swallowing, breathing, HR, BP
temporal lobe
memory, language, hearing, understanding
what is a concussion and what are the symptoms?
a form of mild TBI where the brain comes into contact with the cranium, caused by a direct or indirect blow to the head
Sx (depend on what part of the brain is affected): headache, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea etc
what is a reflex arc?
path taken by nerve impulses in a reflex
receptor > sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron > effector
describe the patellar reflex
receptors detect force of hammer, sensory neuron transmits signal to a motor neuron in spinal cord, activating only one synapse therefore rapid knee jerk reflex
describe the withdrawal reflex
- stimulus detected by sensory receptors
- sensory neurons transmit info via sensory (afferent) pathway to spinal cord
- interneurons in spinal cord initiate involuntary motor movement
- motor neurons transmit info via motory (efferent) pathway to muscles
- muscles perform withdrawal reflex response w/o input from brain
3 layers of protection for the brain
cranium
meninges
CSF
ischaemic vs haemorrhagic stroke
ischaemic- blockage in blood vessels e.g. blood clot that supply brain > lack of O2
haemorrhagic- blood vessel supplying O2 to brain bursts due to high BP = bleeding in the brain
Action potential step 1
Sodium outside - pos
Potassium inside - neg
Action potential step 2
Nerve cell approaches -55mV (threshold), Na+ channels open.
Action Potential step 3
- Depolarisation occurs and action potential is generated down axon of neuron
- the charge of each section of cell = +40mV bc Na ions rush into cell.
Action potential step 4
Repolarisation occurs. Potassium channels open and potassium rushes out of the cell, causing it to become polarised.
what 8 hormones are secreted from the pituitary gland?
Growth hormone, ACTH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, Oxytocin, ADH,
What hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus?
CRG, GHRH,
What hormones are secreted from the thyroid gland?
T3, T4, Calcitonin
What hormones are secreted from the adrenal gland?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone
describe the function of the spinal cord
Relays incoming sensory info from body to brain
Relays outgoing motor info from brain to body
