Nervous and endocrine - relationships

Question 1

Relationship between nervous, skeletal and muscular system in generating movement

Answer 1

• NS sends efferent messages for muscles to contract
• Skeletal muscles contract and force transferred through tendon to bone
• Skeletal system (tendon/muscle), pulling on bone to generate movement at joint.

Question 2

Explain the relationship between the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and urinary systems in regulating blood pressure.

Answer 2

• all work together to regulate blood pressure.

The autonomic nervous system, (hypothalamus), detects changes in the blood pressure.

• It will then stimulate release/inhibition of the hormone ADH from the pituitary gland, part of the endocrine system.
• Increased/decreased levels of ADH will then travel in the blood (CV system) and stimulate/inhibit the reabsorption of water from urine back into the urinary system in the nephron (distal tubule)

This will increase/decrease blood volume and therefore regulate BP.

Question 3

Explain the relationship between the nervous, endocrine and cardiovascular system in the regulation of heart rate.

Answer 3

-all work together to regulate heart rate.

• The autonomic nervous system, (brain stem) will detect changes in the need for blood flow around the body and therefore heart rate.
• It will then stimulate release of/inhibition of the hormone Thyroxin from the thyroid gland, part of the endocrine system.
• Increased/decreased levels of thyroxin will then travel in the blood and stimulate/inhibit the SA node to send messages to the LV to contract faster/slower.
• This will increase/decrease the rate at which blood leaves the heart and therefore regulate heart rate.

Question 4

Outline the relationship between the nervous and integumentary system in response to an overactive thyroid. (6 marks)

Answer 4

Due to an overactive thyroid, excess amounts of the hormone thyroxine will be produced, increasing metabolism and producing more heat as a bi-product.

This increase in body
temperature will be detected by thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus (nervous system).

Once the stimulus is detected the nervous
system will send efferent/motor signals to many different effectors, instructing them to reduce body
temperature.

Sweat glands in the integumentary system will receive the neural signal
to increase sweat production. Increased sweat will act to increase the amount of heat lost via evaporation, therefore
helping the body cool down in response to overheating.

Question 5

Describe the relationship between the cerebellum and muscular system

Answer 5

Both work together to maintain balance.

Because the cerebellum plays a major part in equilibrium, muscle tone and the coordination of voluntary motor
function

it can receive messages from the inner ear, eyes, muscles and joints and send those messages to the muscles to make any postural adjustments required to maintain balance.

Question 6

Describe how the nervous and muscular system work together to achieve bladder control

Answer 6

The nervous system gains sensory feedback from the stretch receptors in the muscular walls of the bladder, indicating that the bladder is filling.

Motor neurons are sent from the brain (nervous system) to the muscular internal and external sphincters at the base of the bladder indicating that they need to contract to maintain bladder control.