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BIO 169 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

what empties most metabolic waste

A

urinary system

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2
Q

what organ removes metabolic waste from circulation

A

kidneys

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3
Q

what does kidneys produce

A

urine

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4
Q

what system eliminate urine

A

urinary tract

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5
Q

what is the urinary tract consist of

A
  1. kidneys
  2. urinary bladder
  3. urethra
  4. urination or micturition
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6
Q

what forces urine through urethra and out of the body

A

contraction of muscle

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7
Q

removal of metabolic waste from body fluids

A

excretion

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8
Q

discharge of waste from body

A

elimination

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9
Q

volume and solute concentration of blood

A

homeostatic regulation

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10
Q

help to stabilize blood pH

A

H+ and bicarbonate levels

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11
Q

regulating volume and blood pressure

A

by adjusting volume of urine

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12
Q

regulating plasma ion concentration

A
  1. controlling quantities of ion lost in urine
  2. calcium ion level controlled through synthesis of calcitriol
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13
Q

urinary system help liver_____

A

detoxification

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14
Q

kidney is found where

A

on either side of vertebral column

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15
Q

what sits on superior portion of kidneys

A

adrenal gland

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16
Q

how many layers make up the kidneys

A

three

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17
Q

layer that cover the outer surface of the kiney

A

fibrous capsule

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18
Q

layer of the kidney that is made up of adipose tissue

A

perinephric fat

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19
Q

this structure anchors kidney to surrounding structures

A

renal fascia

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20
Q

prominent medial indentation

A

hilum

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21
Q

internal cavity within kidney that’s lined by fibrous capsule

A

renal sinus

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22
Q

superficial region of kidney in contact with fibrous capsule

A

renal cortex

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23
Q

6-8 triangular structures in renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

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24
Q

what does the renal pyramid contain

A

renal papilla

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25
Q

bands of cortical tissue that separate adjacent renal pyramid

A

renal columns

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26
Q

ducts in renal papilla

A
  1. minor calyx
  2. major calyx
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27
Q

large, funnel-shaped chamber connected to ureter, which drains kidney

A

renal pelvis

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28
Q

kidney receives how much cardiac output

A

20-25%

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29
Q

kidney receives blood through

A

renal artery

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30
Q

renal nerves innervate what structure?

A

kidneys and ureters

31
Q

sympathetic innervation

A
  1. changes blood flow at nephron
    influence urine composition by stimulating release of renin
32
Q

functional unit of kidneys

A

nephrons

33
Q

spherical structure consisting of glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and glomerulus (capillary network)

A

renal corpuscle

34
Q

forms outer wall of renal corpuscle encapsulates glomerular capillaries

A

glomerular capsule

35
Q

consists of 50 intertwined capillaries

A

afferent arterioles
efferent arterioles

36
Q

factor that allow molecules to pass through filtration membrane

A

size

37
Q

has fenestrated capillaries and endothelium that contains large diameter pores

A

glomerular capillaries

38
Q

what cells make up glomerular capsule

A

mesangial cells

39
Q

function of mesangial cells

A
  1. provide support
  2. filtration
  3. phagocytosis
  4. control diameter of capillaries
40
Q

have complex foot processes that wrap around glomerular capillaries

A

podocytes

41
Q

place of reabsorption of ions (capillaries into the blood circulation)

A

PCT (proximal convoluted Tubules

42
Q

narrow gaps between adjacent foot processes

A

filtration slits

43
Q

filtration membrane consist of

A
  1. fenestrated endothelium
  2. basement membrane
  3. foot processes of podocytes
44
Q

what happen during filtration in renal corpuscle

A

BP forces water and small solute across membrane into capsular space

45
Q

what are the two renal tubles

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
distal convoluted tubules

46
Q

the renal tubules are separated by

A

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

47
Q

first segment of renal tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubules

48
Q

what part of nephron loop flows towards pelvis

A

descending limb

49
Q

what part of nephron loop flows towards renal cortex

A

ascending limb

50
Q

third segment of renal tubules

A

Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)

51
Q

Primary function of DCT

A

reabsorb water and selected ion

52
Q

what does the juxtaglomerular complex (efferent and afferent arterioles)

A
  1. macula densa
  2. juxtaglomerular cell
  3. extraglomerular mesangial cells
53
Q

epithelial cells of DCT and function as chemoreceptors

A

macula densa

54
Q

smooth muscle of afferent arterioles and function as baroreceptor

A

juxtaglomerular cells

55
Q

secretes renin

A

juxtaglomerular cells

56
Q

located between afferent and efferent arterioles and provide feedback control

A

extraglomerular mesangial cells

57
Q

receive fluid from many neprons

A

collecting ducts

58
Q

where does the collecting duct begin

A

cortex

59
Q

where does the collecting system carry the fluid to?

A

papillary duct

60
Q

here does the papillary duct empties into

A

minor calyx

61
Q

two type of nephron

A

cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron

62
Q

85% of all nephron and made of short loop located in cortex of kidney. connect to peritubular capillaries.

A

cortical nephron

63
Q

15% of nephron and it’s loop extends deep into medulla. connect to vasa recta

A

juxtamedullary nephron

64
Q

what created concentration gradient in medulla

A

juxtamedullary

65
Q

what is lost with the elimination of waste product

A

water

66
Q

three metabolic waste product in body

A
  1. urea (byproduct of amino acid metabolism)
  2. creatinine ( from breakdown of creatine phosphate)
  3. uric acid (recycling of nitrogenous base)
67
Q

blood pressure forces water and solute across walls of glomerular capillaries

A

filtration (glomerular capsule)

68
Q

movement of water and solute from filtration to peritubular fluid

A

reabsorption(PCT)

69
Q

transport of solutes from peritubular fluid to tubular fluid

A

secretion (DCT)

70
Q

glomerular filtration is determined by balance between

A

hydrostatic pressure (fluid pressure)
colloid osmotic pressure (material in solution)

71
Q

afferent arteriole is wider than efferent arterioles

A

creates higher pressure in glomerulus

72
Q

High pressure does what to water and solute

A

push them out of blood stream and into filtrate

73
Q

blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

BIO 169 (8 decks)

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