Urinary System Flashcards
what empties most metabolic waste
urinary system
what organ removes metabolic waste from circulation
kidneys
what does kidneys produce
urine
what system eliminate urine
urinary tract
what is the urinary tract consist of
- kidneys
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- urination or micturition
what forces urine through urethra and out of the body
contraction of muscle
removal of metabolic waste from body fluids
excretion
discharge of waste from body
elimination
volume and solute concentration of blood
homeostatic regulation
help to stabilize blood pH
H+ and bicarbonate levels
regulating volume and blood pressure
by adjusting volume of urine
regulating plasma ion concentration
- controlling quantities of ion lost in urine
- calcium ion level controlled through synthesis of calcitriol
urinary system help liver_____
detoxification
kidney is found where
on either side of vertebral column
what sits on superior portion of kidneys
adrenal gland
how many layers make up the kidneys
three
layer that cover the outer surface of the kiney
fibrous capsule
layer of the kidney that is made up of adipose tissue
perinephric fat
this structure anchors kidney to surrounding structures
renal fascia
prominent medial indentation
hilum
internal cavity within kidney that’s lined by fibrous capsule
renal sinus
superficial region of kidney in contact with fibrous capsule
renal cortex
6-8 triangular structures in renal medulla
renal pyramids
what does the renal pyramid contain
renal papilla
bands of cortical tissue that separate adjacent renal pyramid
renal columns
ducts in renal papilla
- minor calyx
- major calyx
large, funnel-shaped chamber connected to ureter, which drains kidney
renal pelvis
kidney receives how much cardiac output
20-25%
kidney receives blood through
renal artery
renal nerves innervate what structure?
kidneys and ureters
sympathetic innervation
- changes blood flow at nephron
influence urine composition by stimulating release of renin
functional unit of kidneys
nephrons
spherical structure consisting of glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and glomerulus (capillary network)
renal corpuscle
forms outer wall of renal corpuscle encapsulates glomerular capillaries
glomerular capsule
consists of 50 intertwined capillaries
afferent arterioles
efferent arterioles
factor that allow molecules to pass through filtration membrane
size
has fenestrated capillaries and endothelium that contains large diameter pores
glomerular capillaries
what cells make up glomerular capsule
mesangial cells
function of mesangial cells
- provide support
- filtration
- phagocytosis
- control diameter of capillaries
have complex foot processes that wrap around glomerular capillaries
podocytes
place of reabsorption of ions (capillaries into the blood circulation)
PCT (proximal convoluted Tubules
narrow gaps between adjacent foot processes
filtration slits
filtration membrane consist of
- fenestrated endothelium
- basement membrane
- foot processes of podocytes
what happen during filtration in renal corpuscle
BP forces water and small solute across membrane into capsular space
what are the two renal tubles
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
distal convoluted tubules
the renal tubules are separated by
nephron loop (loop of Henle)
first segment of renal tubules
proximal convoluted tubules
what part of nephron loop flows towards pelvis
descending limb
what part of nephron loop flows towards renal cortex
ascending limb
third segment of renal tubules
Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)
Primary function of DCT
reabsorb water and selected ion
what does the juxtaglomerular complex (efferent and afferent arterioles)
- macula densa
- juxtaglomerular cell
- extraglomerular mesangial cells
epithelial cells of DCT and function as chemoreceptors
macula densa
smooth muscle of afferent arterioles and function as baroreceptor
juxtaglomerular cells
secretes renin
juxtaglomerular cells
located between afferent and efferent arterioles and provide feedback control
extraglomerular mesangial cells
receive fluid from many neprons
collecting ducts
where does the collecting duct begin
cortex
where does the collecting system carry the fluid to?
papillary duct
here does the papillary duct empties into
minor calyx
two type of nephron
cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron
85% of all nephron and made of short loop located in cortex of kidney. connect to peritubular capillaries.
cortical nephron
15% of nephron and it’s loop extends deep into medulla. connect to vasa recta
juxtamedullary nephron
what created concentration gradient in medulla
juxtamedullary
what is lost with the elimination of waste product
water
three metabolic waste product in body
- urea (byproduct of amino acid metabolism)
- creatinine ( from breakdown of creatine phosphate)
- uric acid (recycling of nitrogenous base)
blood pressure forces water and solute across walls of glomerular capillaries
filtration (glomerular capsule)
movement of water and solute from filtration to peritubular fluid
reabsorption(PCT)
transport of solutes from peritubular fluid to tubular fluid
secretion (DCT)
glomerular filtration is determined by balance between
hydrostatic pressure (fluid pressure)
colloid osmotic pressure (material in solution)
afferent arteriole is wider than efferent arterioles
creates higher pressure in glomerulus
High pressure does what to water and solute
push them out of blood stream and into filtrate
blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
