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BIO 169 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

what empties most metabolic waste

A

urinary system

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2
Q

what organ removes metabolic waste from circulation

A

kidneys

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3
Q

what does kidneys produce

A

urine

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4
Q

what system eliminate urine

A

urinary tract

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5
Q

what is the urinary tract consist of

A
  1. kidneys
  2. urinary bladder
  3. urethra
  4. urination or micturition
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6
Q

what forces urine through urethra and out of the body

A

contraction of muscle

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7
Q

removal of metabolic waste from body fluids

A

excretion

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8
Q

discharge of waste from body

A

elimination

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9
Q

volume and solute concentration of blood

A

homeostatic regulation

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10
Q

help to stabilize blood pH

A

H+ and bicarbonate levels

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11
Q

regulating volume and blood pressure

A

by adjusting volume of urine

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12
Q

regulating plasma ion concentration

A
  1. controlling quantities of ion lost in urine
  2. calcium ion level controlled through synthesis of calcitriol
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13
Q

urinary system help liver_____

A

detoxification

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14
Q

kidney is found where

A

on either side of vertebral column

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15
Q

what sits on superior portion of kidneys

A

adrenal gland

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16
Q

how many layers make up the kidneys

A

three

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17
Q

layer that cover the outer surface of the kiney

A

fibrous capsule

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18
Q

layer of the kidney that is made up of adipose tissue

A

perinephric fat

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19
Q

this structure anchors kidney to surrounding structures

A

renal fascia

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20
Q

prominent medial indentation

A

hilum

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21
Q

internal cavity within kidney that’s lined by fibrous capsule

A

renal sinus

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22
Q

superficial region of kidney in contact with fibrous capsule

A

renal cortex

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23
Q

6-8 triangular structures in renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

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24
Q

what does the renal pyramid contain

A

renal papilla

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25
bands of cortical tissue that separate adjacent renal pyramid
renal columns
26
ducts in renal papilla
1. minor calyx 2. major calyx
27
large, funnel-shaped chamber connected to ureter, which drains kidney
renal pelvis
28
kidney receives how much cardiac output
20-25%
29
kidney receives blood through
renal artery
30
renal nerves innervate what structure?
kidneys and ureters
31
sympathetic innervation
1. changes blood flow at nephron influence urine composition by stimulating release of renin
32
functional unit of kidneys
nephrons
33
spherical structure consisting of glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and glomerulus (capillary network)
renal corpuscle
34
forms outer wall of renal corpuscle encapsulates glomerular capillaries
glomerular capsule
35
consists of 50 intertwined capillaries
afferent arterioles efferent arterioles
36
factor that allow molecules to pass through filtration membrane
size
37
has fenestrated capillaries and endothelium that contains large diameter pores
glomerular capillaries
38
what cells make up glomerular capsule
mesangial cells
39
function of mesangial cells
1. provide support 2. filtration 3. phagocytosis 4. control diameter of capillaries
40
have complex foot processes that wrap around glomerular capillaries
podocytes
41
place of reabsorption of ions (capillaries into the blood circulation)
PCT (proximal convoluted Tubules
42
narrow gaps between adjacent foot processes
filtration slits
43
filtration membrane consist of
1. fenestrated endothelium 2. basement membrane 3. foot processes of podocytes
44
what happen during filtration in renal corpuscle
BP forces water and small solute across membrane into capsular space
45
what are the two renal tubles
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) distal convoluted tubules
46
the renal tubules are separated by
nephron loop (loop of Henle)
47
first segment of renal tubules
proximal convoluted tubules
48
what part of nephron loop flows towards pelvis
descending limb
49
what part of nephron loop flows towards renal cortex
ascending limb
50
third segment of renal tubules
Distal convoluted tubules (DCT)
51
Primary function of DCT
reabsorb water and selected ion
52
what does the juxtaglomerular complex (efferent and afferent arterioles)
1. macula densa 2. juxtaglomerular cell 3. extraglomerular mesangial cells
53
epithelial cells of DCT and function as chemoreceptors
macula densa
54
smooth muscle of afferent arterioles and function as baroreceptor
juxtaglomerular cells
55
secretes renin
juxtaglomerular cells
56
located between afferent and efferent arterioles and provide feedback control
extraglomerular mesangial cells
57
receive fluid from many neprons
collecting ducts
58
where does the collecting duct begin
cortex
59
where does the collecting system carry the fluid to?
papillary duct
60
here does the papillary duct empties into
minor calyx
61
two type of nephron
cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron
62
85% of all nephron and made of short loop located in cortex of kidney. connect to peritubular capillaries.
cortical nephron
63
15% of nephron and it's loop extends deep into medulla. connect to vasa recta
juxtamedullary nephron
64
what created concentration gradient in medulla
juxtamedullary
65
what is lost with the elimination of waste product
water
66
three metabolic waste product in body
1. urea (byproduct of amino acid metabolism) 2. creatinine ( from breakdown of creatine phosphate) 3. uric acid (recycling of nitrogenous base)
67
blood pressure forces water and solute across walls of glomerular capillaries
filtration (glomerular capsule)
68
movement of water and solute from filtration to peritubular fluid
reabsorption(PCT)
69
transport of solutes from peritubular fluid to tubular fluid
secretion (DCT)
70
glomerular filtration is determined by balance between
hydrostatic pressure (fluid pressure) colloid osmotic pressure (material in solution)
71
afferent arteriole is wider than efferent arterioles
creates higher pressure in glomerulus
72
High pressure does what to water and solute
push them out of blood stream and into filtrate
73
blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

BIO 169 (8 decks)

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