BIO 111 Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
How did Mendel carry out crosses between different variety of peas
he grew pea plants until he got true breeding then cross breed parental to get F1 and cross between F1 to get F2 by use of self-fertilization and cross-fertilization.
what characteristic of the pea plant made it suitable experimental organism for mendel?
inexpensive, produce a lot of offspring, easy to breed
what is genotype
the genetic characteristic
what is phenotype
physical appearance/traits
what term are used to describe the genotype of a diploid organism
homozygous dominant (HH)
homozygous recessive (hh)
heterozygous (Hh)
what does Mendel’s principle of segregation explain the result of monohybrid
traits separate into gametes separately
reciprocal cross
flipping of male and female traits. let us know if trait is sex-linked
explain the concept of complete dominance
dominant completely massed recessive in heterozygous condition; when nothing weird is happening in a cross
what is a testcross and what does it reveal
cross of dominant phenotype with unknown genotype to homozygous recessive genotype
reveal the genotype of organism
what is incomplete dominance
the dominant gene does not fully mask recessive trait
white flower + red flower =Pink flower
what is codominance
when both phenotypes of a pair of alleles are expressed, neither one covers the other.
purpose of cell division
regenerate, growth, and development
apoptosis
programmed cell death
immune cells trigger cell death so it doesn’t turn to cancer
what is cancer cell
unchecked cell that doesn’t know how to stop dividing
sister chromatid
identical copies of chromosomes and from the same parent; connected at centromere
chromosome
gene from both parent; not identical but similar
mitotic spindle
microtubules that extend from centrioles and attached to kinetochore to pull apart chromosome
centromere
area on chromosome that hold sister chromatid together
chomatin
DNA wrapped around protein
kinetochore
found outside of centromere, what mitotic spindle attached to
aster
star like structure extending from centrioles
2 main part of cell cycle
interphase and mitosis (m-phase)
what makes up interphase
G1, S and G2
G1
growth