BIO 169 FINAL EXAM Flashcards
what makes synovial fluid
synovial membrane
what is not a description synovial joint
minimal range of motion
normal wear and tear of joint
osteoarthritis
what is not an accessory found in synovial joint
symphysis
example of synthosis joint
epiphyseal line
type of joint that has no ROM
synarthrosis
parathyroid hormone activate
osteoclast
what hormone acts on itself
autocrine
receptor bind non-lipid on
plasma membrane
what is insulin
polypeptide/protein based
thyroid gland release all except
aldoesterone
adrenal cortex release what hormone
corticosteroid
sex hormone are examples of (testosterone and estrogen)
steroid hormone
what happens during second messenger
G protein activated
cyclic AMP is a type of what?
second messenger
what is produced when glucose is low?
glucagon is produced
where endocrine (glandular) found?
anterior pituitary gland
active form of thyroid hormone
T3
what secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
what does pineal gland secrete
melatonin
aldosterone released from
adrenal gland
what happens when insulin binds to target cell
glucose enters the cell
what is not a formed element in the blood
albumin
kidney release all except
thyroxine
what does the posterior pituitary gland release?
ADH/OXT
hormone that binds to extracellular response can be
all the above
what do adipose produce?
leptin
what is not released by the hypothalamus
norepinephrine
what regulate circadian rhythmn
melatonin
cause of type 2DM
does not respond to insulin
endocrine pancreas
pancreas islet
erythropoietin release to promote
RBC
hemophilia
unable to produce clot
what vitamin is need to produce clotting factor
vitamin K
order of WBC
Never let monkeys eat bananas
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monotype, eosinophil, basophil
mechanism RBC regeneration
iron secreted through urine not recycle
what cell mature in bone marrow
B cell and NK cell
what white blood cell increase during allergic reaction or parasitic infection
eosinophil
what is it called after megakaryocyte pinch off
platelet
common pathway for coagulation
thrombin converted to prothrombin
erythrocyte has what kind of property
has bi-concave property
what cause anemia
all the above
Papillary muscle are called
chordae tendinae
what is aneurysm
expand weaken arterial wall
NFP capillary bed push fluid into what
tissue
after blood exit capillary bed it enters
venules
cardiac output
HR x SV
RAAS is due to
low BP or volume
Cardiovascular medulla oblongata
ABC
isovolume contraction
first ventricular systole
pulmonary circuit
pulmonary arteries to lungs, return pulmonary vein to heart
preload- stretch occur during?
ventricular diastole
heart murmur
sound caused by turbulent blood flow
QSR complex
ventricular depolarization
pericarditis
Excess fluid in pericardial cavity; inflamed pericardial surface
intercalated disc use
gap junction
lack of oxygen blood flow to cardiac muscle
angina pectoris
order of electrical conduction
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
angiotensen II
all the above
what happens during late ventricular diastole
passive filling of blood
peripheral vascular resistance
all factor impact resistance
% end diastolic volume ejected during ventricular contraction
ejection fraction
elastic lamina is found in which vessel
arteries
calcium ion into the cell during the action potential of contractile cardiac cell
plateau phase
coronary sinus function
collect venous blood of coronary circulation
regular profusion of blood through capillary bed
precapillary sphincter
increase in ventricular volume return
increase in stroke volume
t-wave represent
ventricular systole
pacemaker potential
Gradual depolarization of pacemaker cells
vaso vasorum
supply blood to externa tunica
increase CO2, lactate, H+ concentrate, decrease in pH
local vaso dialator
fatty deposit in lumen of arteries
atherosclerotic plaque
first menstrual period
menarche
movement of air into and out of the respiratory
pulmonary ventilation
hyperventilate cause
hypocapnea
quiet breathing expiration
passive
inhalation occur when pressure in lungs is ________atmospheric pressure
below
respiratory function is controlled by what centers
medulla and pons
the most common respiratory transport
bicarbonate
what is found in lower respiratory
larynx
air pass through this opening to produce sound
glottis
where is gas exchange
alveoli sac
exchange of gas at the peripheral
internal respiration
when pH is low
Oxygen bind tightly to hemoglobin
what keep alveoli from collapsing
surfactant
primary mechanism for transporting oxygen
bind to hemoglobin
when central chemoreceptor detect CO2 what is initiated
inhalation
what prevents food from entering trachea following swallowing
epiglottis
angiotensin II does not cause the release of what?
naturetic hormone
superior portion of pharyngeal
nasopharynx
block blood vessel by fat, air, or blood close
embolism
vocal fold is found where
larynx
normal condition NFR push fluid how?
push fluid out of glomerular capillary
where is most filtration volume absorb
PCT
what brings urine from kidney to the bladder
ureter
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete?
renin
urinary system does not produce what
angiotensin
kidney is regulated by what system
sympathetic
most nephron is found in what part of the kidney
cortical
aldoesterone act
increase Na and H2O retention in plasma
movement of solute blood to tubular fluid
secretion
substance too large to filter in glomerulus
secreted in DCT
what structure collect urine
renal pelvis
metabolic waste
creatine, urea, uric acid
where are podocyte located
glomerular filtration membrane
primary, milk teeth, or baby teeth
deciduous teeth
parotid glands found near
zygomatic
another word for deglutition
swallowing
dome portion of stomach
fundus
what produce intrinsic factor/HCL
parietal cell
what secrete pepsinogen
chief cell
what gastric gland produce gastrin
g cell
though of food, smell, sight associate what phase
cephalic phase
exocrine secretion of pancreas
pancreatic acini
distention of stomach stimulate motility and secretion of intestine
gastroenteric
what does secretin release
pancreatic buffer
CCK release
pancreatic enzyme/release bile into duodenum (A and B)
digestive enzyme leave digestive track and enter
Hepatic portal system
Bile produce in
Liver
globule into droplet
emulsification
what take fat to liver
lacteal
brush border enzyme is found in intestinal microvilli
all the above
large intestine form _______ around small intestine
horsehoe
large intestine absorb or resabsorb
water, nutrient, organic waste, and bile
lymphoid tissue
spleen and thymus
what empties into left subclavian vein
thoracic duct
type of nodule
tonsil
what has white pulp and red pulp
spleen
spleen functions
filter lymph fluid
b cells undergo
sensitization
cytotoxic t cells
MCH 8
helper T cells does not
clone toxic T cells
B cells activated
Plasma cell
IGM
first to arrive
IGG
can cross placenta
IGA
secretion
IGE
inflammation
IGD
bind to antigen on surface of B cell
secondary response
increase IGM production and in greater quantities
Type I DM is
autoimmune disorder
cytokine that destroys pathogen barrier
perferin
cells found in thymus
t cells
luteal correspond to which uterine cycle phase
secretory
the stage of meiosis will produce secondary oocyte and
polar body
lining of the uterine wall that is shed with menses
funcitonal layer
follicles form the structure within the ovaries
corpus luteum
target cells for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Sertoli (nurse cells)
gamete of male reproductive system
sperm
the exit of male semen from male body through the urethra is referred to as
ejaculation
structure of mature sperm that contain enzyme necessary for fertilization
acromsome
cell division that is unique to productive cells is called
meoisis
the spermatic chord passes through this region as it exits the abdominopelvic cavity
inguinal canal
secretion of the bulbourethral gland are
alkaline
hormones that initiate felling of bonding associated with sexual response
oxytocin
raise thickening in scrotal surface that divides scrotum into L/R
raphe
layer of skeletal muscle deep to dermis that cause scrotum to move closer to the above due to drop in temp or sexual arousal
cremaster
location of sperm production
seminiferous tubules
androgen hormone of male reproductive system
testosterone
tubular gland that produce most of semen volume
seminal gland
two cylindrical mass of erectile tissue
copora cavernosa
structure that isolate seminiferous tubules from general circulation
blood testis barrier
process where sperm becomes motile
capacitation
inferior portion of uterine body that extends from isthmus of vagina
cervix
what carries oocyte to uterus
uterine tube
Surface between public symphysis and coçcyx
Perineum
Sperm stored in epididymis
Is mature but immotile
